Respiration & Homeostasis

RESPIRATION * The release of energy from food * All living cells need energy to carry bulge M R S G R E N, contraction of muscles, build up of larger molecules (e. g. proteins), maintains steady body temperature (homeostasis) * Aerobic * needs oxygen * only(prenominal) occurs when a certain amount of oxygen is available * C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy * releases large amount of energy (2900 KJ) * Anaerobic * without oxygen * glucose lactic acid C6H12O6 2C3H6O3 * releases small amount of energy (120 KJ) * poisonous waste (lactic acid) removed to produce joined with O2, H2O + CO2 BREATHING Inhalation taking air in lungs * muscles contract diaphragm, intercostal muscles * chroma increases * outside of lungs high atmospheric pressure inside lungs low pressure * air flows into the lungs because of the unlikeness in pressure * Inhalation taking air out of lungs * muscles relax diaphragm, intercostal muscles contract internal intercostal muscles * volume decreases * outside of lungs low pressure inside lungs high pressure * air flows out of the lungs because of the difference in pressure * GASES EXCHANGED INHALED EXHALED * Carbon Dioxide 0. 4% 4% * Nitrogen 79% 79% * Oxygen 21% 16% * Water Variable laid-back * Temperature Variable High * Alveoli are the site of gas exchange. Adaptations * large get hold area * good supply of oxygen and seam (surrounded by capillaries) for rapid distribution of gas * thin walls * moist lining for dissolving gasesHOMEOSTASIS * the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body * Conditions that are kept the identical 1. Body Temperature 2. pH 7. 4 (Blood) 3. water content 4. oxygen 5. glucose concentration * thermoregulation maintaining a constant temperature (370C) * enzymes work best at 370C * temperature is monitored by hypothalamus (thermoregulatory centre) as the blood passes * consistence TEMPERATURE RISES 6. hairs lie flat less air trapped (less insulation) more heat is lost from the skin 7. weat is produced water in swear evaporates taking away(predicate) heat from the skin 8. vasodilation blood vessels near the surface of the skin dilate to increase blood flow from the capillaries so more heat is lost * BODY TEMPERATURE FALLS 9. hairs stand up on end air is trapped for body insulation 10. less/ no sweat is produced 11. vasoconstriction blood vessels near surface of skin constrict to decrease blood flow to capillaries so less heat is lost 12. shivering muscles produce heat by respiration