Online Customer Reviews Is An Essential Component Of...

According to Internet World Stats, there are 3,611,375,813 Internet users around the world as of June 30, 2016. Because of this, online customer reviews have become a vital component of businesses and are considered by many as a form of â€Å"social proof† where people take the word of others as proof that a particular product or service is valuable and worth getting. When a potential customer conducts online research about a product or service from a business with many great reviews, it makes it much easier for them to not only trust the company but also purchase those goods because of the social proof shared online. On the contrary, businesses with a shortage of great reviews don’t get the benefit of the doubt from potential customers. Worse yet, having zero reviews is just as detrimental as having negative reviews. With this in mind, it’s crucial that Experts Exchange members do their best to get their existing customers to share their reviews online as a form of social proof for potential customers. Try Asking - It Never Hurts If you’re new to getting reviews, it may seem a bit awkward to ask customers to assess your business and share their opinions online about the products or services purchased. But don’t let that stop you. Like the old adage goes, â€Å"ask and you shall receive.† So instead of feeling hesitant, you need to just simply ask your customers to leave a review. In parallel, you must also train your staff to make it a point to ask customers for a review asShow MoreRelatedRole Of Information Systems During 21st Century1346 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Information Systems in the 21st Century Information technology is essential for conducting business in the 21st century. It plays an important part in increasing efficiency of businesses. A business without any form of information systems is unimaginable in this century. Accounting is essential to every business. Due to the fact that the accounting department deals with the money and all the financial reporting aspect of every business, a good accounting software is very vital for theRead MoreAmazon Case Study : Second Draft1139 Words   |  5 Pageshorizon of online retailing, order fulfillment, and cloud services, offering innovative avenues for businesses to ship and market products and a social component of customer to customer reviewing interaction. Arguably, one of the most efficient companies in the world, Amazon must have a superior information system to support the bulk of continuous activity in order to meet its impressive customer base of over 240 million shoppers. In this paper, we analyze Amazon’s appl ication of the five component modelRead MoreA Report Advising Isherwood s Car Company1500 Words   |  6 Pageschange future businesses over the next five years. This report included information of future technology and the impact of businesses in the next five years. Future technologies and the impact on the business Future Technology In the future, advances technology will change everyday life and businesses beyond recognition. Looking ahead to the next 5 or 10 years, there’s no question technology will continue to dramatically alter our basic understanding of how to conduct businesses, our daily lifeRead MoreWorkday : A Cloud Based Human Resource Management Solution1331 Words   |  6 Pagesindustry is changing and becoming more competitive. Businesses are looking for ways to leverage technology, so that they can gain a strategic advantage; and software industry vendors are looking for ways to differentiate themselves in the market. Traditionally, on premise licensed software was the standard for enterprise HR, now cloud systems, also known as software as a system (SaaS), are drawing a lot of attention. This software solution gives businesses an advantage by unifying all functions on oneRead MoreWhat Are The Best Forms Of Marketing For Small Business?938 Words   |  4 Pagesmatter how outstanding th e product may be of a particular business is, without getting it to the views of the target customer, the organization will hardly make any profit. As noted before above, marketing is a core part of any business operation. It can make the difference a thriving business as well as struggling business. There are various forms of marketing available to businesses today. With the advent and advances in technology, the forms of marketing have also evolved over the years. Thus, identifyingRead MoreElectronic Commerce : Global Positioning System2046 Words   |  9 PagesElectronic Commerce. Digital marketplaces have already torn down the walls within and between companies, bringing together buyers and sellers in one interoperable community (Bezos, 1995), (Omidyar, 1995). In this literature review we will go through the literature side of all components for all steps required for our project, â€Å"Travel XTream†. Below is a list of the topics required to analyse critically. Electronic Commerce Management Information System Global Positioning System Read MoreThe Use of Facebook as an Advertising and Marketing Venue1593 Words   |  6 PagesAdvertising and Marketing Venue The use of social media giants like Facebook and Twitter are no longer an option for businesses; theyre absolutely essential. This paper will examine how an educated social media marketing manager can effectively harness Facebook to get the most out of consumer transactions and to help develop the business. However, whenever it comes to doing business with customers in any arena, disputes are bound to occur. Social media offers alternatives to traditional dispute resolutionRead MoreThe Oracle Financial Cloud Based Upon Multiple Variables1360 Words   |  6 Pagesthe financial goals of the any organization and be prosperous in today’s highly aggressive market; therefore businesses must have services that are secure, reliable, scalable and available anywhere at any given time, on any device – all while it lowers cost and minimizes integration complexity. The need to have a more modern, consumer-like experience has raised the bar for most businesses to deliver a level of consumer experience that is only found in enterprise applications that can be intelligentRead MoreBuilding up Trust Between Customers and Entrepreneurs Enterprise1625 Words   |  7 Pagesexecutive summary with four sources--which is what the instructions for this assignment stipulate, and which is what I wrote and included. Thanks. The principle way for any business to establish trust and rapport with customers is through peer-related interactions. Quite simply, customers do not believe information provided to them by watchdog organizations or by company overviews and documentation boasting about their products and services. They do, however, believe and trust their relationships withRead MoreOnline Auction1469 Words   |  6 Pagesdispense with excess inventory. The current wave of B2B integration represents a much deeper integration of auction technology into the daily operations of many businesses. In particular, companies are using auctions in many procurement situations in an effort to extract better prices from their suppliers. Auction systems are a major component of the electronic marketplace that allow users at any site to sell and buy products. The sellers set up auctions for their products while the purchaser who bids

Characterization in Pam Houston’s “A Blizzard Under Blue...

Characterization in Pam Houston’s â€Å"A Blizzard Under Blue Sky† Houston’s â€Å"A Blizzard Under Blue Sky† explores and exhibits the idea of psycho-physical experience of being in the natural world to heal one’s psychological and emotional ailments through its invigorating contact. The narrative, by drawing on the theme of depression, relates how the narrator, seeing â€Å"everything in [her] life†¦uncertain† (Houston 185), goes winter-camping alone in the high country; undergoes a chilling near-death experience; and gleefully returns reinvigorated with the memory of â€Å"joy†, and â€Å"hopefulness† (188). Though highly personalized in the narrative, the narrator’s experience of depression is a common phenomenon and, Houston, in this sense, seems to†¦show more content†¦This all seems quite characteristic of a depressed mind to loathe what is around and be enchanted by the mystic power of solitude away from the petty human world. While the protagonist decides on winter-camping despi te the knowledge of the unforgiving freezing temperature there, the warning of her housemate and â€Å"disaster tales of winter-camping fatalities† (187), one is sceptic if she has made up her mind out of love for nature. Yet, the detailing of the protagonist’s expedition leaves one wishing for a similar adventure. The narrator’s company of her two best friends, her dogs: Jackson and Hailey, seems to carry a special significance for her. Their personification and the treatment as developing characters must have some symbolic representation of the protagonist’s personality that has been split now. The male figure Jackson is an â€Å"oversized sheepdog-and-something-else† that is tireless, adventurous and leader-like while the female figure Hailey is not â€Å"so graceful†, is â€Å"in constant indecision† as she runs and â€Å"stays behind the [protagonist]† as they ski (185). While Jackson encourages the narrator to â€Å"ski harder, go faster, climb higher†, she has to mediate between him and reluctant, groaning Hailey to find an agreement. In a symbolic level, perhaps, Houston wants the readers to see the protagonist as an embodiment of three d istinct dispositions: conscience, optimism and depression. While the protagonist herself represents her conscience, this

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE PUBLIC SECTOR Example For Students

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE PUBLIC SECTOR Outline0.1 A CASE STUDY AT THE NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE1 Abstraction2 Methodology3 Chapter 14 Introduction5 1.1 Introduction The National Statistics Office6 Chapter 27 LITERATURE REVIEW8 2.1 DEFINING PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT9 2.2 THE RELATIONSHIP OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT WITH HUMAN RESOURCES AND ITS IMPORTANCE10 2.3 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL WITHIN THE PUBLIC SECTOR11 2.4 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ACROSS EUROPEAN PUBLIC AUTHORITIES12 2.5 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM WITHIN THE MALTESE PUBLIC SERVICE13 Chapter 314 ANALYSIS OF FIELD RESEARCH FINDINGS15 3.0 Introduction16 3.10: Other methods of public presentation measuring that the directors use17 3.11: What can be done to better the existent system?18 Chapter 419 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS20 4.1 Introduction21 4.2 THE EFFECTIVNESS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS22 4.3 THE FAIRNESS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS AND THE IMPACT ON THE EMPLOYEE S Performance23 4.4 RECOMMENDATIONS A CASE STUDY AT THE NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE Abstraction There are many conflicting and diverging positions on the effectivity of Performance Appraisals in private endeavors, furthermore in the public service. The sustainability of administrations and the importance of this map thrive on operational verve. However, there is small grounds that operations in the populace sector are influenced by the existent public presentation of the employees, specifically when statistics are involved. Sing this scenario, the research was based on an probe whether operational efficiency in the public sector of Malta through the National Statistics Office can be enhanced through public presentation assessments. The premier range of this survey was the rating of the present system at NSO. The literature reappraisal findings demonstrated that public presentation assessments can lend positively to the administration when done in a proper mode and which can besides be utile to construct relationships with subsidiaries, program resources and place preparation demands. This procedure can perchance take to motivated work force and furthermore an addition in productiveness. Conversely, the procedure can be criticised as being flawed and fundamentally a waste of clip. To dispute these perceptual experiences and thoughts a field research was undertaken at NSO where a study with directors was undertaken and besides another separate 1 with the remainder of the staff. The findings were analysed to analyze the positions of both parties in this respect which resulted in the system at NSO as being flawed and wholly uneffective. The survey concludes the recommendations that can be practically applied through the public sector and the NSO. The recommendations include developing demands in the respect of public presentation direction to both staff and direction, reform of the whole system, and binding the public presentation assessment with a wages system. Methodology Since the research intent and research inquiries were developed on bing theories and constructs, this research will be deductive. As the intent of this survey is to look into how Performance Appraisal systems are undertaken at the NSO, the choice of a qualitative attack was found to be more appropriate to carry through the declared intent, in position of the fact that instance surveies are being used, therefore necessitating the appraisal of abundant information. In add-on, this attack is found to be more utile due to the fact that the research is intended to research, describe and happen as many elaborate and complete information as possible. Albeit the above, a just portion of quantitative techniques will be adopted to analyze any informations provided by the NSO on the capable affair, e.g. studies and questionnaires. Questionnaires were used as a research tool for this survey. Questionnaires are an cheap manner to garner informations from a potentially big figure of respondents ( Miles and Huberman, 1994 ) . A well-designed questionnaire that is used efficaciously can garner information on both the overall public presentation of the trial system every bit good as information on specific constituents of the system. If the questionnaire includes demographic inquiries on the participants, they can be used to correlate public presentation and satisfaction with the trial system among different groups of users. Zikmund ( 2000 ) claims that the stairss required to plan and administrate a questionnaire include: i. specifying the aims of the study ; two. finding the trying group ; three. composing the questionnaire ; four. administrating the questionnaire ; v. construing the consequences. For this survey, one questionnaire was designed to be distributed to all NSO employees excepting the managerial staff and those in higher classs. The questionnaire comprised 15 inquiries. The chief purpose of this questionnaire was to garner information about the perceptual experience of NSO employees towards the public presentation direction, measuring and assessment methods used in this administration. Through the questionnaire, the research worker acquired the required informations refering to this survey, therefore making its chief purpose and aims. Another questionnaire was distributed to NSO managerial staff and those in higher classs. The questionnaire comprised 11 inquiries. The purpose of a separate questionnaire for managerial staff is to compare their perceptual experience sing public presentation assessment to the remainder of the staff. In the questionnaire there were more comment boxes to let directors to show their positions upon this respect. Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction The National Statistics Office The NSO is the official national statistical bureau in Malta. It provides statistics on a broad scope of societal and economic affairs covering the population, the Government and the concern sector. NSO besides coordinates and collaborates with the statistical activities of other official organic structures on the island, chiefly the Central Bank of Malta and Government Ministries. The mission of NSO is to function the statistical information demands of parliament, authorities, and the population at big from concerns to research workers to pupils, by endeavoring for excellence and through strict protection of confidential informations, quality information from respondents and a seasonably, nonsubjective and antiphonal statistical service. This does non forestall other authorities sections or establishments from roll uping their ain statistical informations for internal intents. The NSO was established in March 1947, at the clip known as the Central Office of Statisticss. However, official statistics has been compiled and published for a long clip before. In 1851, an official publication called The Malta Blue Book was published among other things ; it included a statistical abstract on the population as from the 1842 Census. In 1872, The Malta Blue Book featured a statistical position of Malta and its Dependences for 10 predating old ages covering the relevant clip series for population, instruction, finance, sale of public sites, imports, exports and transportation. The NSO, an independent bureau, was established by virtuousness of the Malta Statistics Authority ( MSA ) Act XXIV of 2000 and as from 1 March 2001, it replaced the Central Office of Statistics a Governmental Office. Section 10 of the mentioned Act determines the maps and duties of the NSO. Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 DEFINING PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT It would be appropriate to analyze the significance of public presentation direction which hereinafter would be referred to as PM before trying to discourse its deductions and applications. Armstrong ( 2009 ) defines PM as: aˆÂ ¦a systematic procedure for bettering organizational public presentation by developing the public presentation of persons and squads. It is a agency of acquiring better consequences by understanding and pull offing public presentation within an in agreement model of planned ends, criterions and competence demands. ( Armstrong, 2009, p.618 ) Furthermore, Bacal ( 1999 ) defines PM as an on-going communicating procedure to be undertaken in partnership, between an employee and his/her immediate supervisor, set uping clear outlooks and apprehension. Performance assessments being one of import portion of PM, provides employees and directors with chances to discourse countries in which employees excel and those in which employees should better. The assessment should be conducted on a regular footing and they need non be straight attached to promotion chances and wagess wherever possible ( Kirk, neodymium ) . However, in its worst signifier, public presentation assessment can hold the consequence of demotivating the employees and by and large take downing the morale throughout the administration. Therefore, the appropriate design and careful execution of public presentation assessments is important and can offer infinite benefits to both the administration and the person. 2.2 THE RELATIONSHIP OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT WITH HUMAN RESOURCES AND ITS IMPORTANCE Employees are a valuable resource to the administration and hence an administration can chiefly accomplish operational aims through the effectual usage of endowments and ability of its employees. In position of this fact, the extent to which the latter are managed efficaciously is a important component in bettering and prolonging organizational public presentation. PM is concerned with bettering the public presentation of the squad and the administration and non merely the public presentation of the person. Some ill designed traditional assessment systems have been indict as being manipulated for the advantage of forces directors or top directors taking to many people of the administration non truly understanding what the system is seeking to accomplish. However, some outstanding appraisal systems together with effectual forces directors contribute to organizational effectivity by set uping long term ends. The PM is a chief portion of human resources direction to pull offing people a nd their public presentation which is in kernel a agency of puting aims being reciprocally reviewed in order to incorporate corporate, single and team aims. Harmonizing to Bratton and Gold ( 2007 ) , in order that an administration succeeds in presenting its operational and developmental ends it depends chiefly on the efficiency and effectivity with which the employees carry out their responsibilities. Directors should guarantee that the people under their span of control: hold understood what is expected of them own the accomplishments necessary to present what is expected have the support of the house to develop their endowments to run into those outlooks are given feedback on their public presentation are given the chance to discourse and lend to single and squad purposes and aims. PM has three of import maps: Strategic, Administrative and Developmental map. Harmonizing to Baron and Armstrong ( 1998 ) the PM should be seen as an on-going procedure that focuses on the hereafter instead than the past. Therefore, PM should affect alining HR patterns to both current and future public presentation by placing employees activities in line with administration s ends. In order that this procedure is done in a strategic mode it should be flexible to maintain gait with different ends and the changing nature of the administration. The PM should be seen as a motivational tool to measure salary additions, publicities, keepings and betterment of public presentation instead than merely a box clicking exercising. Armstrong ( 2000 ) stated that the PM should be advanced, developmental and a model proviso in which directors can back up their squad members. This writer continues by saying that if the PM is regarded as a transformational procedure instead than an appraisal one, its impact on consequences will be much more important. 2.3 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL WITHIN THE PUBLIC SECTOR The general public often refer to the operational efficiency in the populace sector when mentioning to the service delivered. Efficiency is a step of how good resources have been used. This is done by comparing existent end product with the expected or standard end product that should hold been yielded from the usage of these resources ( Hill, 2000 ; Brown et al. , 2001 ) . Conversely, Brown et Al. ( 2001 ) affirm that effectivity is more utile step than efficiency. Effectiveness focuses on whether the right merchandises or services are being produced, instead than how expeditiously they are produced. Mandl et Al. ( 2008 ) remark farther that effectivity relates the input or the end product to the concluding aims to be achieved, i.e the result, and shows the success of the resources used in accomplishing the aims set. The inquiry of how to mensurate public presentation efficaciously in ways that improve service bringing is clearly one of the biggest issues in the public direction ( Behn, 1995 ) . Measuring productiveness in the populace sector is non an easy undertaking because assorted qualitative facets have to be considered in add-on to the end product of goods and services which is merely seldom quantified ( de Bruijn, 2001 ) . Performance measuring is about efficiency, quality and effectivity of human service programmes ( Martin and Kettner, 1996 ) . Performance steps should be client sensitive, stressing effectivity in run intoing client outlooks every bit good as efficiency in service bringing. 2.4 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ACROSS EUROPEAN PUBLIC AUTHORITIES Over the past old ages the issues of service bringing, reactivity, quality and public presentation direction have become really common treatments on the local authorities. There have been new undertakings added to local governments and bing jobs are expected to be performed with distinguished end product. Higher outlooks of stakeholders bring about qualitative alterations in demand and supply for public services. Increasingly, information engineering progresss are adding to the list of challenges to European governments and at the same clip more force per unit area from budget cuts because of fiscal crises. When discoursing PM in the public sector we can reason that over the past decennary there has been a more widespread usage of the public presentation assessment. The bulk of Europe has some strategy in operation. However, Performance Appraisal is more extensively used in the private sector than the public governments. Germany and Britain have had traditional and standardised PM for rather a long clip now nevertheless, there have been reforms so as Performance Appraisal is an appropriate tool for betterment of authorities staff motive. After 1998, France besides gave more importance to Performance Appraisal by presenting new strategies. Denmark considers the strategy more of import and accordingly each employee has a annual treatment with its director in order to better motive for calling development. The Danish system differs from other European systems as the process consists in a duologue with the aim to place developmental possibilities. This type of duologue has been compulsory s ince 1993 as a portion of HRM reforms. The Finish authorities used PM since early 1900 s and accordingly the system aims as increasing the operating efficiencies of Finland s authorities bureaus and establishments. Tethering public presentation to consequences has helped the Finnish authorities to establish public presentation related wage for staff and promote staff to better their productiveness. This has been extremely effectual as studies resulted in operational efficiency and progressively economic system oriented thought. Finland recognized that it was far more realistic aiming bureaus bottom-up by actuating staff to deduce maximal benefit from PM. Character Evolution EssayLast, some directors claimed that the current system is de-motivating the staff and the lone manner to acquire positive results is when this is tied up to a patterned advance system instead than the present system that involves automatic patterned advance regardless of the employee s attempt. The subsidiaries where besides asked the same inquiry and most of the recommendations counterpart the replies of the directors. The bulk of the respondents agreed that a wages system should be put in topographic point in connexion with the PMP like the existent public presentation fillip that the directors have in their system. Furthermore, a good figure of remarks besides showed that the PMP was non a uninterrupted procedure and hence there was no counsel by the director sing the employee public presentation throughout the twelvemonth. This clearly shows the deficiency of communicating that there is between directors and their subsidiaries. Furthermore, in coherency with what most directors stated, the existent PMP should be either discarded or revamped to a system which is usage made to the demands of NSO. Confirming the deficiency of communicating between the directors and the staff it can be transpired that there is lack of treatment sing the result of the PMP and alining the adm inistration s ends with those of the subsidiary. Due to these negative remarks it can be concluded that the current system is seen by both the direction and their subsidiaries as a bureaucratic process that does nt hold any positive consequences on the quality of work, productiveness and motive. Figure 3.13 presents the distribution of gender within NSO. The bulk 71 % of the respondents were female. The figure above shows that 6 % of the respondents were Principal Statisticians, 22 % are Senior Statisticians or Programmers III, 47.5 % ( the bulk ) are Statisticians, and 1.7 % are Systems Analyst/Programmer II/Librarian/Web decision maker. 6 % are ProgrammerI/Assistant Statisticians/Sen Accounts Executive/Assistant Librarians. 1.7 % are Senior Statisticss Executive/IT support Officer/Accounts Executive/Senior Survey Interviewer/Library Assistant/Principal Messengers. 13.6 % are Statistics Executive/Survey Interviewer/Clerk/Receptionist/Sen Messenger/Storekeeper. The above figure shows that the bulk of employees worked within the Public Service for 0 to 9 old ages. Therefore, it can be stated that the NSO is made up of a comparatively immature work force. Furthermore, it is transpired that rather a large portion of the work force is made up of more experient staff who have been working with the Public Service for over 20 old ages. The figure above transpires that the bulk of the subsidiaries ( 50.8 % ) see the PMP presently used at NSO as being unjust when compared to assessments used within the Private Sector. A 35.6 % who have given a impersonal reply can be counted as being apathetic to the equity of the system and as many commented some employees do nt cognize what methods are normally used outside Public Sector. The diffused dissension on this statement may be due to many grounds one of them being the fact mentioned earlier of non holding wagess attached to the assessment system therefore the process is seen as a bureaucratic one without any benefit. Some commented once more that the existent PMP is subjective to the director s sentiment furthermore, assessments in the Private Sector are perceived as being more end oriented. The above response clearly shows that some kind of criterions exist, these are set by the several unit director. It can be deducted that there are directors who set criterions for their unit and there are others who do non, and since there is no official common criterions it contributes to disparity between units. However, as shown from the consequences above it can be remarked that merely the lower limit of the respondents stated that they do nt cognize what is expected from them. The bulk of the respondents ( 74.6 % ) are impersonal or differ that the PMP provides chance of alining ain ends with those of the administration, therefore beef uping the fact that the PMP does non turn to these issues at all. This is in concomitance with the directors position about the PMP being merely a work program sheet and nil else. If preparation is needed by an employee to better his/her public presentation, that is identified by the director, non specifically through the PMP, though in the instance there is a subdivision where the employee writes down what type of preparation s/he would wish to have. The major sentiment of the respondents in this respect is more on the disagreement side holding 40.7 % who wholly disagreed and another 23.7 % are non certain about it. The consequence is in concurrency with the old figure and hence strengthens the fact that the existent system does non affect undertaking failings of subsidiaries by two manner communicating between parties sing preparation demands and public presentation issues. The current system does non fix the subsidiaries for future challenges that the administration will be confronting since it does non straight address what could be improved in their public presentation. In order that the system is effectual the director should besides indicate out good occupations that have been done which works out as a great incentive. The figure above transpires that the bulk of the subsidiaries are on the disagreement side with 37.3 % who disagreed and 52.5 % gave a impersonal reply. Therefore, most of the employees can non comprehend that the PMP can assist them better their calling through the current system since the calling patterned advance at NSO is automatic. The consequences show that the bulk of 86.4 % agree that if they do nt hold with the consequence of the PMP they should be given the chance to appeal. In the current format of the PMP there is a column where the subsidiaries can compose remarks over the rating given by their director. Although, this is non practised usually the subsidiaries have a say and can be given an account sing their scaling. Chapter 4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4.1 Introduction This chapter presents the decisions on the findings derived from the literature reappraisal, the questionnaire distributed to the direction and to the employees of NSO. The decisions are based on the same model of the findings based on the chief survey subjects. Furthermore, a list of recommendations is presented to finalize the study. 4.2 THE EFFECTIVNESS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS The survey besides determined that there is no criterion of public presentation presently in topographic point at NSO and the HR does non act upon the puting up of these criterions. This was confirmed by the managers, directors and employees themselves in the study undertaken. One may therefore conclude that although writers and faculty members claimed that these are important and of import to guarantee efficiency and answerability and have been in topographic point for more than five decennaries, the system at the NSO is still non yet in topographic point. Although the managers and some directors claimed that they do some informal topographic point cheques to guarantee that all employees are lending towards the administration, there is no system in topographic point where directors can be after and command operational end products on criterions. The writer is of the house belief that this is one of the major defects within the operational systems at the NSO. Even if the purpose of t he public presentation assessment is so to better single and organizational public presentation, in barely designed systems this may non be effectual as it is supposed to be. This survey aimed to look into the effectivity of public presentation assessment within NSO and as a consequence it can be concluded that the state of affairs at NSO is certainly beliing specific academic Hagiographas. Evidence shows that public presentation assessments can be an effectual tool to mensurate public presentation and that the system can be a cardinal incentive both on employees behavior and public presentation. Nevertheless, the PMP at NSO is wholly uneffective as proved by the overall consensus of the direction and besides their subsidiaries. There are assorted factors which contribute to this ineffectiveness some of those are listed below: Government establishment bureaucratism Lack of competency of direction due to miss of preparation Inability of HR to organize the system Indifference of both direction and subordinates to better the system Inappropriate sets of standards to mensurate public presentation Loss of religion in the system by both parties One major job mentioned supra is the deficiency of standards to mensurate public presentation. This leads to directors and managers focus on more informal methods of public presentation measuring and accordingly public presentation is non measured suitably. However, in concurrency with literature reappraisal findings, both parties agree that the PMP is an effectual step of public presentation nevertheless the manner it is used today throughout NSO it s strictly a waste of clip and hence uneffective. 4.3 THE FAIRNESS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS AND THE IMPACT ON THE EMPLOYEE S Performance The findings derived resulted that the current system within NSO is really unjust and this was confirmed by all the staff that participated in the questionnaire. This is due to rating being given at the discretion of the director and accordingly the system is flawed. Opposing to academic findings the current system fails to increase motive and productiveness degrees and conversely de-motivates the work force since directors are disregarding the full system. This besides was confirmed through the directors study where about 70 per cent disagreed or were apathetic with the statement that the existent assessment is just. Additionally, this perceptual experience of equity is derived from the fact that there is deficiency of public presentation criterions and therefore directors attempt to mensurate the end product and public presentation through accomplishment of undertakings or aims. In concurrency with literature reappraisal findings it can be concluded that assessments are by and lar ge applied in subjective mode taking to unfairness on the appraisee. There was besides a general consensus that the PMP is non giving chance to the employees to better their public presentation and really small is being done to better the state of affairs. It can be concluded that this state of affairs is due to the fact that the existent PMP is non attached to any wagess and therefore it gives no inducement to the employee to increase its end product. This consequences in both parties sing the PMP as a everyday exercising without any advantage to both. This is rather contradictory when related to the literature reappraisal findings since many writers claim that there are many benefits associated with the PMP if its done suitably. One of the factors lending to this job may be that subsidiaries are non being given feedback how they are come oning throughout the twelvemonth since the PMP is non being executed in periods but merely annually. 4.4 RECOMMENDATIONS The decision above certainly contradicts the chief literature reappraisal findings in relation to the rightness and effectivity of the public presentation assessment application in administrations. However, one may reason that the findings in the NSO support other theoretical sentiments that public presentation assessment systems fail to accomplish their nonsubjective whenever they are non applied suitably and whenever the standards to mensurate public presentation is subjective to the directors sentiment taking to unfairness. Based upon the above decisions It can be recommended that: HR function in this system is revised Performance criterions are set Directors are given appropriate preparation sing public presentation criterions A study with thoughts and suggestions to better the system shall be prepared and passed on to the authorities. A consideration should be given on the thought of attaching wagess to the public presentation assessment The existent system must be upgraded to being perceived as being a just one The HR in this respect should be more involved with more coordination with the direction in puting public presentation criterions and mensurating these criterions across the full construction at NSO. This should be done by upgrading the existent system to a seamster made PMP format which righteously adapts to the demands of the existent organizational construction. Furthermore, public presentation criterions will heighten the control mechanisms and besides stabilising certain imbalance from one subdivision to another therefore guaranting efficiency and effectivity in all undertakings undertaken. Training should be given to both directors and subsidiaries in this respect in order that directors are skilled to set about public presentation assessments and besides make their subsidiaries cognizant why and how public presentation assessments are done. Another suggestion may be that the directors prepare a list of suggestions to better the existent system and besides go throughing It on to the cardinal authorities seting into consideration a wages system tied up to the public presentation assessment. This should be done in coaction with the remainder of the staff with the purpose of increasing motive by integrating them in the determination devising procedure. Standards should be set to mensurate clearly productiveness, quality of work, accomplishments and flexibleness and other behavioral traits. These set of standards can be farther developed and agreed upon by cardinal stakeholders involved including managers, directors and employees, trade brotherhoods and authorities direction. The purpose of these set of standards is to better its effectivity and to diminish the perceptual experience of the system being unjust.

Sustainable Development and Ethics

Questions: 1. Sustainable Development and the Ethical aspects of the innovation?2. Regulatory considerations?3. SD/Ethical Implications of large scale manufacture and sale?4. SD/Ethical Implications of follow-on products/markets? Answers: Sustainable Development and the Ethical aspects of the innovation: This project will discuss about the LED lamps and are to be taken into consideration. In this project the concepts related to the sustainable growth of the Led Lamps will be explained. The LED lamps will be manufactured while keeping in mind the environment al perspective and should also focus on the low consumption of the electricity and also the sustainable development of the same is concerned (Peet Bossel, 2000). The Led lamps are considered as the future lightening appliances that are too economical, health-friendly as well as ecological, and are also with the passage of time becoming very much affordable. The manufacturing of the Lamps will be designs in such a way that may less impact the humans and the environment with the use of the both the renewable and the non renewable resources. Regulatory considerations The production of the Led lamps will be under the regulation of the WEEE and the ROHS. The household WEEE includes very similar equipment that are used for the professional purposes for the reason of its nature and also channels by which it is actually distributed. The Professional WEEE is the equipment that is used in the company activities, like the vending machines, measuring instruments and the medical equipment etc (Ng, 2004). Some of the equipment is much similar to the household used equipments, but they do remains very much suited to the professional requirements such as at the supermarket chillers cabinets, computer screens and the portable AC units etc. The directives of the RoHS concern the basic composition of the electrical as well as the electronic equipment which stands for the EEE. This EEE explains the equipment operating on the electromagnetic fields, plus on the equipment which produces, measures, transfers all such kinds of the currents and the fields. Thus it concerns the equipment designed which may be used at the voltages which may not at all in any of the circumstances exceed around 1000 volts AC plus the DC by 1500 volts (LeVeness Primeaux, S.M., 2004). SD/Ethical Implications of large scale manufacture and sale Led lamps being energy efficient are the semiconductor device that emits the incoherent narrow-spectrum light when a p-n junction is forward electrically biased. The automation also leads to the high significant electrical energy savings by placing the equipment in mode which is stand-by and also switching it off, as per the programming (Small, 2007). These accessories are also utilized so as to control and at times also to program the lighting, heating, and all other types of the consumption so as to optimise its use and also reduce costs on the other hand. These can be adjusted or controlled via the BUS/SCS,or components of which are of the mosaic Program. SD/Ethical Implications of follow-on products/markets Due to the led efficient energy production the led are mainly in focus and will be in demand in the market. The Led lamps will be ecological good. These lamps will reduce the consumption of the electrical energy and will also be economically beneficial as with the reduction in the power consumption will also reduces the electricity bills also. References LeVeness, F., Primeaux, S.M., P. (2004). Vicarious Ethics: Politics, Business, and Sustainable Development.Journal Of Business Ethics,51(2), 185-198. https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:busi.0000033612.88478.4b Ng, Y. (2004). Sustainable development: a problem of environmental disruption now instead of intertemporal ethics.Sustainable Development,12(3), 150-160. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sd.232 Peet, J., Bossel, H. (2000). An ethics-based systems approach to indicators of sustainable development.IJSD,3(3), 221. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.2000.001533 Small, B. (2007). Sustainable development and technology: genetic engineering, social sustainability and empirical ethics.IJSD,10(4), 402. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.2007.017912

Hakeem Olajuwon Essays - Houston Rockets, , Term Papers

Hakeem Olajuwon Hakeem Olajuwon Hakeem Olajuwon was raised in Nigeria, a country in Africa. Hakeem had never stepped on a basketball court until he was 17 years old, and the head of the Nigerian basketball team urged him to give the sport a try. The very first shot he took missed the hoop totally, so did the second shot, and his third shot was an air ball as well. Hakeem had lots to learn about American basketball. Coach Guy Lewis said He just flat out didnt know how to play. Before he could learn how to play, he had to get in shape. In practice he got tired after 2 or 3 minutes and after he dunked the ball his back hurt so badly he had to stop playing. Coach Lewis said Olajuwon had to strecth before he plays in practices or games. I didnt know about this stretching, said Olajuwon, but when he strecthed before practice his back problems disappeared. Hakeem got a scholarship at University of Houston and played for the Houston Cougars. Fans called the Houston Cougars The Slamma Jammas because of the way its players slammed and jammed the ball through the hoop. No team in college basketball dunked the ball like the Cougars. Once Hakeem started to play, he realized that being tall is a big advantage. The University of Houston, ranked number 1, met the University of Louisville, ranked number 2, in the semifinals of the 1983 NCAA playoffs. At the half the Louisville Cardinals was leading 41-36. Houston had 14 dunks before the game ended in a 94-81 with the Cougars coming out on top. Hakeem had an awesome game, he had 21 points, 22 rebounds, and 8 shots blocked. By the spring of 1983 Hakeem was recognized as one of the finest shot blockers and dunkers in college basketball. NBA star Mosses Malone practiced basketball with Hakeem at the gym in Houston. Patrick Ewing and the Georgetown University Hoyas met the University of Houston in the 1984 NCAA finals. Hakeem led the Cougars to two NCAA finials and was the number one pick in the 1984 NBA draft. Ralph Sampson was the center for the Houston Rockets until Hakeem joined the team. Bill Flinch was Olajuwon's first coach in the NBA. Larry Bird was already recognized as one of the NBA finest players when he and the Boston Celtics met the Rockets in the 1986 NBA finals. They lossed in the NBA finals and it was a big disappointment for Hakeem and the rest of the Houston Rockets. Bill Cartwrights collision with Hakeem resulted a serious injury. Hakeem missed 26 games while his eye injury healed. Once again the Rockets got in the playoffs and went to the NBA championship to face the New York Knicks. The best-of-seven series was a battle between Olajuwon and the Knicks star center Patrick Ewing. Houston grabbed an early lead, winning game 1, 85-78. But New York came back, winning game 2, 91-83. Houston managed to squeak by New York for a 93-89 victory in the third game. Rockets lead 2-1 before the Knicks won game 4, 91-82. Knicks also took the fifth game, 91-84, taking a lead with three games to two. Game six was close the whole game up until the final seconds. When the clock ran out, Houston led 86-84. In game seven, Hakeem led the Rockets to a 90-84 victory, making them the NBA champions for the first time in the teams history. Olajuwon also became the first player ever to be named regular season MVP, playoff MVP, and Defensive Player of the year. Speech and Communcations

How to set up a Hard Drive essays

How to set up a Hard Drive essays To set up a new hard drive, firstly you need to switch off the power supply and then remove the casing. If you were installing a new hard drive you would have to set the primary hard drive as the master and the new hard drive as a slave. To do this you would have to change the jumpers, the jumpers are located on 3 pins, and these pins should be in-between where the power cable goes and the IDE cable goes. To do this properly you would have to refer to the hard drives manual; it all depends on the hard drive itself. When you checked and changed any jumpers, you can start to put the hard drive into the computer system. If the drive bay is actually bigger than the hard drive you would need a drive bracket to hold it in place. Most modern computers have two bays specially designed to hold more than 1 hard drives. When inserting the hard drive, make sure that no wires or cables are sticking out or get caught, also make sure that the hard drive is the right way up (the label should be at the top). When the drive is inserted, secure the drive with screws provided. Now that the drive is in place, it needs to be connected to the rest of the PC. Firstly connect the IDE cable (the long, wide and grey cable) to the hard drive. This cable should already be connected to the existing hard drive, to make sure that the cable is around the right way, there should be a red line running down the side of the cable, this red line should be closest to the power cable. When the IDE cable is connected, the power cable is the next thing to connect, this power cable runs from the main power supply inside the computer and should have four different coloured wires. This cable can only connect one way. Now the new hard drive is connected, the computer now needs to recognise the new hard drive, to make the computer do this, you would need to enter the computers BIOS. To enter the BIOS, usually you need to press DE ...

Understanding FMLA Regulations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Understanding FMLA Regulations - Research Paper Example Understanding FMLA regulations Under the FMLA regulations, the group benefits in terms of health are supposed to be maintained for employees when they are on leave. These regulations are usually administered by the administration on employment standards at the division of wages and hours that falls under the Labor department of America (Business & Legal Reports, 2008). However, according to reports, the application of the FMLA regulations may be impacted by acts like the 1986 Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act and the Health insurance and accountability Acts. In the year 2008, the former United States president, George Bush, signed into rule the initial expansion of the FMLA regulations since their enactment in the year 1993 thereby adding two fresh entitlements for leave to military personnel and their families. The regulations do apply to each and every agency that is state-owned, and this includes the local, state, federal level employers and employers found within the private sector. The private se ctor employers who are covered by these regulations are required to have employed over fifty employees who have worked for twenty or even more workweeks in their previous or current year of operation. These regulations also cover the successors of employees who were previously covered and their other joint employers within the country. In order for an employee to become eligible for acquiring any benefits, they are required to satisfy certain conditions. (Government Printing Office, 2009). The employees should be working for employers who are covered, worked for these employers for a period of over a year and worked for at least one thousand three hundred hours over the previous period of one year (Business & Legal Reports, 2008). However, under the FMLA regulations, the one year of employment does not require to be consecutive, if the break in services period exceeds a period of seven years, these working sessions should not be counted (Government Printing Office, 2009). In excepti on, unless the employee’s break is facilitated by his activities in the country’s National Guard or the reserve military under the laws on employment along with unemployment rights. Subsequently, the break in services period may be considered if there are written agreements that include collective bargaining agreements regarding the employer’s willingness to rehire their employee after this period is over (Goluboff, 2001). Covered employers within the United States are required by the regulations to provide employees who are legible for leave up to 12 weeks of leave that is unpaid for several reasons. In the event that an employee has a new birth and requires giving care to the young, or place their young under foster care or adoption they should be granted the leave (Business & Legal Reports, 2008). They should also be granted the unpaid leave in case they fall sick from medical conditions that are serious and cannot perform efficiently or their spouses, parent s or their children are on active military duty (Goluboff, 2001). According to previous reports, in some situations, FMLA leaves have been taken in different periods of time for different viable reasons thereby reducing their routine work schedules. The employees are therefore required to

HIPAA Violations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HIPAA Violations - Essay Example Nancy Lee states, â€Å"If Congress did not enact legislation, HIPAA requires the Secretary of HHS to propagate regulations on privacy protections† (Fernald 61). Fernald (2002) argues that the government or law enforcers should not levy medical professionals, who share a patient’s information for protection of their own because they may need to do so in order to promote high quality health care (Fernald 45). Additionally, a medical professional may at time be forced to share a patient’s medical records with the public in order to seek for financial support, in case the patient’s family or friend permits him or her to do so (Fernald 47). Nass and her Co-authors (2009) also support this opinion. They argue that,, in case of emergent diseases or infections, health professionals are faced with the challenge of designing a proper method of controlling the spread of the disease (Ness et. al. 81). One of the most valid means of controlling the spread of a disease’s outbreak is the sharing of patients’ information. Through this, they shall have violated the HIPAA regulations, but the government or law enforcers sho uld not levy penalties on them because such situations are urgent and need quick response. These situations provide valid grounds why the government or law enforcers should not levy medical professionals for protecting their own. Whenever a nurse is creating their facility’s HIPAA forms, they must be cautious in letting the patients know that it is their rights to revoke the permission for the disclosure of confidential medical information only to the people they name. â€Å"Without the information, the HIPAA form is considered invalid, and should the nurses release the information to third parties, such acts shall be considered violation of HIPAA regulations† (Gerard et. al. 187). Sometimes, the release of wrong information of a patient can occur

Four questions - short essay style Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Four questions - short style - Essay Example IMC is meant to maintain a proper and coherent communication relation as one of the most important basic principles of IMC is to ensure ‘consistency’ in messages being communicated. IMC is not only a careful coordination of some or all promotional messages such as personal selling, advertisement, sales promotion, sponsorship etc, but also a very strategic tool to ensure consistency in each and every contacts between the firm its stakeholders including management, employees and customers. As some literatures noted, IMC’s philosophy advocates that there should be a proper coordination in messaging so as to ensure that IMC facilitate multiple messaging with a single voice (Shimp, 2008). Marketing communication is a process of exchanging facts, ideas, opinions, emotions etc about the brand or the firm that are important for the marketer to impact customers’ behaviour and attitudes. An important principle of IMC suggests that marketing communication should not only influence customers’ awareness about brand, but also should encourage them to respond to the desired action. If IMC’s specific goal is to improve word-of-mouth, the messages should be able to affect customers’ positive talk about the brand. Assessing what present and future customers want and need and what can satisfy them is a critically important requirement in marketing. A firm is not supposed to offer to its customers a product or service that it simply wants to produce or provide, but rather, it should see what its customers want now and in future and then to design and develop products or services accordingly. Marketing orientation is a process of organization-wide generation of market intelligence pertaining to current and future customers’ needs and wants. There are basically three dimensions in marketing orientation- They are:- For example, the marketer of a computer manufacturing firm needs to foresee

Advantages Of Social Media

Advantages Of Social Media Connections. You are friends with people who have other friends, and so on. By using a social networking site, you can do what you can and get connected with these people to form a web of connections that can give you leverage if you play your cards right. Breadth of Knowledge -connectedness that students can experience through social media use. It is now easier than ever to know (or find out) something about almost anything in the world through connected media. Additionally, students can be connected to a broader base of opinions and world views through instantaneous global connections. Technological Literacy All social media relies on advanced information and communication technologies that seamlessly work to build and support technological literacy.. Worldwide Connectivity, No matter if you are searching for that former college roommate, your first grade teacher, or an international friend, there is no easier or faster way to make a connection than via the social network. Although Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and MySpace are probably the most well known social networking communities, there are new websites popping up regularly that are dedicated to allowing people to connect and to interact via the Internet. These connections can help one with a variety of things such as: Finding romance, Seeking a new job, Locating assistance, Getting and giving product and service referrals, Receiving support from like-minded individuals, Making or receiving advice on career or personal issues. In many ways, social communities are the virtual equivalent of meeting at the general store or at church socials to exchange news and get updated on friends and families.. Commonality of Interest, When you opt to participate in a social network community, you can pick and choose those individuals whose likes and dislikes are similar to yours and build your network around those commonalities.You can meet with your friends anytime you have an Internet connection and whenever you find them online. Real-Time Information Sharing, Many social networking sites incorporate an instant messaging feature, which means you can exchange information in real-time via a chat. This is a great feature for teachers to use to facilitate classroom discussions.In addition, the Internet is the ultimate online textbook. Students no longer need to take out six library books at a time. Much of what they need to know they can find online. Free Advertising, Whether you are non-profit organization who needs to get the word out about your upcoming fundraiser or a business owner marketing a new product or service, theres no better way to get your message in front of millions of people 24/7. The best part is it that you can spread the word through social networking profiles for free. Increased News Cycle Speed, Social networking has revolutionized the speed of the news cycle. Many news organizations now partner with social networking sites like Twitter, YouTube, and Facebook in order to both collect and share information. One can get a sense of what is going on in the world just by watching trending topics from many of these sites. This has led to the development of a near instantaneous news cycle as millions of social networking updates rapidly spread news and information. Social media has the power to drive traffic to your website, blog, articles, etc. Social media is able to bring people together, especially when promoting global products or cause-related campaigns and ideas since it allows people from the different geographical location to meet at a single point and express their views. Social media could be the spark you are looking for to attract attention to your site, product or service. It could also be used to further build loyalty and long-term relations with your audience. Social media marketing could always be a fun and creative method of doing business. Facilitates open communication, leading to enhanced information discovery and delivery. Allows everyone to discuss ideas, post news, ask questions and share links. Targets a wide audience, making it a useful and effective recruitment tool. Disadvantages of Social Media: Distraction -talking not about the momentary distraction of an isolated text message, but rather the way in which social media involvement provides an acceptable diversion from intellectual pursuits. Essentially, he is arguing that it is socially safer to stay connected to peers through always-on social media, than it is to put oneself out there by having a legitimate opinion about a serious topic and disconnecting from the social networks long enough to put it out there. Pressure to Conform examples of students confiding in him that one of the main reasons behind their 24/7 connection is a fear of not keeping up with peers or appearing like a loser in public, as one of his students confided in a class journal. Risk Aversion unclear about whether students aversion to taking risks is a symptom of social media use or is directly caused by it, but the point is no less important either way. Social media engagement supports a culture of avoidance which operates in direct opposition to the idea that students need to take risks and fail in their academic endeavors in order to become successful innovators. Shallowness . Twitter, text messages, and other social media tools focus on brief, quick, shallow interactions that do not encourage either deep social engagement or intellectual exploration. There is, after all, only so much information that can be obtained in 140 characters. when you make a mistake offline, a few will know but when you make a mistake in front of hundreds or thousands of you online audience, most of them will know Face to Face Connections are Endangered, A huge advantage of these social communities has a reverse side effect that is also a big disadvantage of social networking: they reduce or eliminate face-to-face socialization. Because of the autonomy afforded by the virtual world, individuals are free to create a fantasy persona and can pretend to be someone else.It is hard to say no, be rude, or ignore someone when you are looking them in the eye. Its incredibly easy and quick to unfriend or unfollow someone or simply block their efforts to make a connection. Just one click of the mouse and your problems are over. Tweens and teens are at higher risk because those years are when they are learning to interact with others or build and maintain relationships. A report from the National School Boards Association shows that of the children in these age groups that use a social network, 41 percent spend their time posting messages. They are not spending this time in face-to-face interactions with their peers or others nor are they developing the necessary social skills for future success. Cyberbullying and Crimes Against Children, Use of social networks can expose individuals to harassment or inappropriate contact from others. Unless parents are diligent to filter the Internet content to which their families are exposed, children could be exposed to pornography or other inappropriate content.. Risks of Fraud or Identity Theft, Whether you like it or not, the information you post on the Internet is available to almost anyone who is clever enough to access it. Most thieves need just a few vital pieces of personal information to make your life a nightmare and if they successfully steal your identity, it could cost you dearly. Time Waster, A Nielsen report explains that social networking can be a big waste of time that sucks 17 percent of our Internet time down the non-productivity drain. it is also true that it is easy to become distracted and end up spending valuable time on games, chats or other non-related activities. Corporate Invasion of Privacy, Social networking invites major corporations to invade your privacy and sell your personal information. Facebook projects it will earn $3.8 billion in revenue in 2011. Thats not bad for a free site. If Facebook and other social networking sites dont charge their members, however, how do they make so much money? They do it by selling the ability to specifically target advertisements. On social networking sites, the website isnt the product, its users are. These sites run algorithms that search for keywords, web browsing habits, and other data stored on your computer or social networking profile and provide you with advertisements targeted specifically to you. At the same time, you may be giving the site permission to share your information with outside sources unless you specifically generate settings that disallow them to do so. Participating in applications like Farmville may also be allowing outside vendors access to your private information. In order to get social medias full effect, you need to understand how it works, when and how to use it and which channels to focus on depending on your end goal of using social media. Social media can have a negative influence on students and workers productivity. Employees may waste valuable time using social media channels such as Facebook and Twitter. They can also use social media to attack the companys reputation! When social media is used excessively or in the wrong way, it could have serious detrimental outcomes on both mental and even physical health of individuals. Opens up the possibility for hackers to commit fraud and launch spam and virus attacks. Increases the risk of people falling prey to online scams that seem genuine, resulting in data or identity theft. May result in negative comments from others about everything we put in our social media example our video in youtube Potentially results in lost productivity, especially if students are busy updating profiles, etc. Lack of Anonymity,You are putting out information about your name, location, age, gender, and many other types of information that you may not want to let others know. Most people would say be careful. As long as people can know who you exactly are, then some can find ways to do you in. Scams and Harassment, While many sites apply certain measures to keep any of these cases of harassment, cyber-stalking, online scams, and identity theft to an absolute minimum, you still may never know. Time Consuming, that it would just be a waste of time for you. The key to social networking is that it is supposed to be fun, whether you are just doing it for kicks or clicking around for study purposes. That should be reasonable enough for anyone, but there are those people who dont see the point. For them, it can be a disadvantage.

Fiber Optics :: essays research papers

Fiber Optics Assignment Many modern medical materials and equipment work on a principle which is beyond the capacity of human transducers. Comment and discuss the working principles of an endoscope, uteroscope or a rectoscope showing the illuminating path, the image path, transmission path and the liquid transfer or operating instrument ducts, showing the position of suitable valves. This will therefore explain how light travels through an optical fibre and show how such fibres are used in medicinal equipment either to transmit light or to bring back images from within a patient. Contents Fibre Optics Fibre-Optic Bundles Coherent and Incoherent Bundles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Transimission efficiency and resolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Types of Fibres: Single mode or Multimode ?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fibre Properties Fibre-Optic Endoscopy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Fibre-Optic Endoscope   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some Applications for Fibre-Optic Endoscopy References Fibre Optics A relatively new technology with vast potential importance, fibre optics, is the channelled transmission of light through hair-thin glass fibres. The clear advantages of fibre optics are too often obscured by concerns that may have been valid during the pioneering days of fibre, but that have since been answered by technical advances. Fibre is fragile An optical fibre has greater tensile strength than copper or steel fibres of the same diameter. It is flexible, bends easily, and resists most corrosive elements that attack copper cable. Optical cables can withstand pulling forces of more than 150 pounds. Fibre is hard to work with This myth derives from the early days of fibre optic connectors. Early connectors where difficult to apply; they came with many small parts that could tax even the nimble fingered. They needed epoxy, curing, cleaving and polishing. On top of that, the technologies of epoxy, curing, cleaving and polishing were still evolving. Today, connectors have fewer parts, the procedures for termination are well understood, and the craftsperson is aided by polishing machines and curing ovens to make the job faster and easier. Even better, epoxyless connectors eliminate the need for the messy and time- consuming application of epoxy. Polishing is an increasingly simple, straightforward process. Pre-terminated cable assemblies also speed installation and reduce a once (but no longer) labour-intensive process. Fibre Optic Bundles If light enters the end of a solid glass rod so that the light transmitted into the rod strikes the side of the rod at an angle O, exceeding the critical angle, then total internal reflection occurs. The light continues to be internally reflected back and forth in its passage along the rod, and it emerges from the other end with very little loss of intensity. This is the principle in fibre optics of which long glass fibres of very small cross-sectional area transmit light from end to end, even when bent, without much loss of light through their side walls.

Portugal Exploration Essay

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Portuguese Exploration highlighted the country’s ascendancy to economic growth and power. Explorations are never easy endeavors. New lands will be discovered, wherein achieving success is indeed very uncertain. Moreover, the mere fact that the country needs to supply all the materials—from food to ship repairs, are too expensive. However, although explorations are masked by doubt and hopeless skies, its outcome can lead to enormous wealth and benefits that will enable the nation to experience abundance in succeeding years to come. When Portugal never gave up its hopes and dreams regarding land discoveries, such big decision resulted to positive results. At the onset of the 16th century, Portugal pioneered explorations in the whole course of Europe, thus, discovering more and new routes to Africa, the Atlantic, Asia and even South America (â€Å"Portugal† n.d).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning, nobody has expected Portugal to literally conquer the world. The nation was then torn with poverty and to a certain extent, economic deterioration (Arnold 2002, p. 22). Given this situation at hand, domination is totally taken out of the picture. If Portugal cannot even feed its own people, then it would be readily impossible for it to support the demands of land explorations and discoveries. However, this did not prevent the nation from pursuing its dreams—from materializing the aim to make its name within the torn pages of history books. It turned out that Portugal’s seemingly hopeless case is one of its greatest blessings. Since the country was in its severe state, it has no other choice but to continue with the explorations. If success seems to be impossible within the domain of land-based expansion, then there is still hope when such is done overseas (Arnold 2002, p.22). As Arnold (2002) explained, Portugal’s navigation success basically replaced the land-based orientation of wealth and power that was established by the evolving Spanish (empire) (p. 22). Factors determining Portugal’s exploration success   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are different factors that are attributed to Portugal’s exploration successes. These three are highly characterized by maritime development as well as the undying support given by the Portuguese government. The first factor has something to do with Portugal’s geographic position (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). Portugal can be seen along the west side of the Iberian Peninsula (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). Livingstone implied (1993) that the nation is readily blessed with its strategic location (p. 41). It possesses rivers that are long enough to be navigated (Livingstone 1993, p. 41). It has â€Å"favorable winds (Livingstone 1993, p. 41)† that can take ships into their planned journeys or destination. The last but not the least is the existence of raw and organic harbors which creates a perfect and highly suitable setting for maritime development (Livingstone 1993, p. 41).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If one has to take a closer look, this aspect alone puts Portugal into a great advantage over its rivals or competitors. Once and for all, circumnavigating the world requires not only human skills, nature also plays an important role. Although, exceptional navigation talents are expected to arise, there is no doubt that if nature decides to intervene, the course would be more difficult and complicated as expected. It can be also implied that Portugal’s geographical design enabled the latter to discover more efficient routes from any angle. The crew can easily explore more unknown areas since they have good reference points that are essential in establishing maps.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, the second factor can be traced to Portugal’s developing â€Å"maritime economy (â€Å"Portugal, n.d).† The ports of Lisbon and Oporto became the cente of commerce and trade for the country (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). Mostly of the financial means that were used to support the voyages came from these trade districts (â€Å"Portugal,† n.d). However, aside from financing the navigation plans, Maddision (2006) also mentioned that the bays and coast cities of Portugal is abundant enough to supply the needs and demands of the local residents (p.22). Aside from trading per se, it can be seen that Portugal has other ways of gaining incomes, profits and revenues. But then again, perhaps the greatest contributions of the maritime industry are the vast knowledge and information that Portuguese fisherman has learned due to their constant and continuous immersion with the Atlantic seas (Maddison 2006, p.22). Their mastery of sea winds, tides and weather (Maddison 2006, p.22). It allowed Portuguese explorers and navigators to conduct more research on navigation. Yet, more than anything else, they were able to build ships that can withstand the pressures and hardships brought forth by unfathomable oceans (Maddison 2006, p.22). They created â€Å"lateen sails† and in the long run, they combined it with â€Å"square sails† which allowed them to sail through the South Atlantic and further discover more ways or routes in the Cape area (Maddison 2006, p.22).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lastly, the third determinant of the Portuguese exploration’s success stems from the fact that its monarchy readily showed support and encouragement for these plans (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). The government ensured that â€Å"tax privileges† and insurances are available for both the ship owners and navigators (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). As a matter of fact, it is not only the king that readily lent a helping hand to make these undertakings possible. Even members of the aristocracy assured that they can be pillars of strength and encouragement (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). Obviously, without the system’s support and permission, the voyages would not happen. As previously mentioned, even if there are enough materials and supplies if the monarchy is not open to the idea, then Portugal’s domination may not come into place. The essential role of the Portuguese government, in this aspect can be briefly understood in several points. Once and for all, the tax regulations enabled the nation to satisfy the prerogatives of exploration and at the same time ensure a healthy lifestyle for its local citizens. Second, the monarchy served as a strong influence for both the explorers and local residents. If the king refused such plans, then the public would not be able to recognize its value and importance. Since local residents are the ones who are chiefly involved in production works, the explorers would have a hard and difficult time convincing these people about their dreams and visions, if the king per se, would show doubts regarding the matter. Moreover, the monarchy is in charge of making decisions on how they can possible benefit from the discoveries that they made—to be more specific, the Portuguese government is in charge of devising strategies on how they can possible gain profits and revenues on new routes and land areas. This is important for unless the people know that they benefit from it, they would continue to support such plan. A Brief History of Portugal Exploration   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to further reasons behind the success ad failure of the Portuguese exploration, it is best to have a brief discussion or outline of the nation’s navigation history. As mentioned earlier, the contributions of Portugal in the world can neither be questioned not taken for granted. Even though it has eventually declined in the long years to come, it cannot be discounted that Portugal is one of the few nations that have managed to maintain and still control its colonies by the end of the 19th century (Diffie & Winius 1977, p. 4). The mere fact that it was able to sustain such set-up exemplifies its power and strength.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diffie and winius (1977) explained that Portugal was inspired by the accomplishments of the Han and Roman Empires (p.4). However, since it cannot fully embarked on land-based conquests and imperialism, discovering other lands became the last recourse, and as discussed, nature’s blessings made a way for the nation embarked on long journeys and voyages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The foundations of the Portuguese exploration can be traced to as far as 1415 (Wiarda 200, p. 21). In those times, Ceuta was then considered as the center of spice trade in the west (Wiarda 2000, p.21). Portugal has managed to put Ceuta under its control and thus the urge to control more lands became irresistible. While Ceuta was then an important investment for Portugal, Wiarda (2000), however noted that Portugal’s main goal by that time was to spread Christianity to Morrocco (p.4). Within the aspect of colonialism, religion is an indespensbale tool. The Portuguese readily used the matter to interact with the natives. Due to language barriers, it would be hard for both the colonizers and the colony to understand or communicate with each other. Thus, the concept of having a Supreme Being bridged the gap between the two races.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But on a closer examination, the downfall of Morocco, inspired many of Portuguese warriors and soldiers to bring more honor, glory and prestige to their very own mother country (Wiarda 200, p.187). In addition to that, Prince Henry who happened to be the very first supporter of Portuguese explorations have heard stories from prisoners about lands and areas that were still undiscovered (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). The capture of Morocco allowed Prince Henry to have his first taste of the African cost (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). Having said this, indeed, his curiosity was further heightened. The excitement and passion to conquer more lands became stronger than ever. Prince Henry â€Å" The Navigator†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The success in Ceuta encouraged Prince Henry to show his undying support to explorations. Prince Henry can be best described as someone who knew how to transform his visions and ideals into realistic issues and concerns. The prince knows that explorations may not necessarily yield to positive results. But this did not discourage him. Despite of the fact that there is a strong enthusiasm and excitement on Prince Henry’s part, Wiarda (2000) stated that this does not mean that that the young leader was already aware of explorations’ benefits and advantages (p.21). According to Wiarda (2000) Prince Henry’s primary concern by then was the budding market for exotic and wild animals (p.21). But in the long run, explorations’ commercial benefit was slowly embedded into the prince’s young mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, the materialization of Prince Henry’s dreams came into the picture during the reign of Joao II (Wiarda 2000, p. 21). The foundations of an exploration plan have been successfully laid out. Gallagher (2003) noted that the first move was to discover a route from Africa that can easily lead to India (p.5). With all these endeavors, the monarchy assured that they will handle all the transactions and see to it that it profiteering activities would be efficiently managed (Gallagher 2003, p. 80). The competition against Spain led Portugal to keep its navigation development in extreme secrecy (Gallagher 2003, p.5). Even the voyages per se were kept confidential (Gallagher 2003, p5).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During those times, Cape Bojador was seen as the end of the world (Wiarda 2000, p.187). Since there is already a signal pr permission from the monarchy to explore more, Prince Henry in return, challenged his men to go beyond the limits of Cape Bojardor (Wiarda 2000, p. 187). The whole crew landed in Madeira in 1420 and seven years after, the Portuguese explorers made their first step in Azores (Keefee et. al 1977, p.60). This was also the time when Portugal finally confirmed that Cape Bojador was not the world’s end point (Keefe et.al 1977, p.60). This is simply the start of Portugal’s domination. Even though the so-called Navigator died in 1460 (â€Å"Portugal,† n.d), his legacies was continued and still promoted by the succeeding Portugal rulers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Historians and members of the academe outlined several distinct reasons regarding Prince Henry’s obsessions. One of this is the urge to know more lands beyond Cape Bojador (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). In an era wherein bigger colonies equate to more economic successes, going beyond Cape Bojador’s geographical limitations is an outright advantage. Another reason is Portugal’s aim to develop trade relations to other areas or counties (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). There is also the aim to study the strength of their rivals and at the same time, ensure that battles will be waged against those who opposed Christianity and therefore ensure that the religion would proliferate (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). Reasons for Exploration   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In general and not only for Portugal, there are three determinants of why explorations happen or occur. The first one has something to do with the spice trade (Roupp 2001, p. 236). Spices such as nutmeg, mace, ginger, cinnamon and paper are pretty popular in the European regions trade (Roupp 2001, p. 236). The Ottomans were able to take control of the Eastern Mediterranean barter trade (Roupp 2001, p. 236) Because of this, European envoys had no other choice but to look for alternative routes. Since spices are very much in demand, there is no doubt that to become a spice supplier would indeed result to an increase in profits and revenues. The supply is low and the demands are high. Therefore, those who are able to satisfy the demand can also ask for a higher price. This argument are also supported by Kiple and Omelas (2000, p.436).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kiple and Omelas (2000) mentioned that many European countries, most especially those which are engaged in exploration are also seeking for a new route to get a steady supply of spices (p. 436). This according to the two, prompted competing nations to further improve their navigation tactics and skills. The competition is stiff and they cannot remain calm. However, as for this case, since Portugal has already explored the areas beyond Cape Bojador, the challenge became an easy feat for the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the initial steps, it was the Arabs that has total control over the matter (Wolpert 1999, p.45). However, a small fleet, headed by Vasco de Gama made the Arabs surrender (Wolpert 1999, p.45). According to Wolpert (1999), although De Gama’s success enabled Portugal to establish a monopoly over spice trade (p.45). His triumph and glory is more than enough to pay from all the expenses that were spent during his journey (Wolpert 1999, p.45).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Roupp (2001) also noted that technology can be also considered as one of Portugal’s motivating force for explorations (p. 236). The technological aspect means that as man continue to develop materials and tools to satisfy their needs, this brought them other opportunities. As for the case of Portugal, since they are able to build ships and sails that are highly capable or navigating the earth, soon they found it that if they can further enhance these materials and incorporate several functions such as incorporating military weapons like the cannons, for example, they can easily defeat their enemies and those who are creating conflicts and hindrances (Roupp 2001, p. 236).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lastly, Roupp (2001) stressed that curiosity levels were readily high during the Renaissance period and thus, it became a motivational force for many nations to explore more of the unknown world (p.236).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the meantime, if one has to critically assess it, it is apparent that the goal for profit and revenues best explains the intensity of Portuguese explorations. As readily discussed, the passing years allowed Portugal to diversify its economic hold and control. Prince Henry’s focus on the exotic animal market shifted into another realm since the monarchy has also recognized the other benefits of voyages and expeditions. It can be also remembered that Portugal is also one of the pioneers of the slave trade in Africa. Since they have discovered more lands in the said continent, colonization was reshaped. From goods that are bartered, human trade became popular too. The cheap labor rendered by captured slaves and prisoners were seen as a good source of profit and income. Moreover, there is also the spice trade which further strengthened Portugal’s domination. Since they basically spearheaded the exploration quests and technology, they have readily capitalized on it. The return of investments was more than what they have expected. Portugal’s Failure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although Portugal was basically at the apex of its exploration successes the country failed to see certain events that would eventually lead to its bitter downfall.   Perhaps this can be best explained by the country’s inability to manage all its colonies (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). It has been carefully discussed in this paper that Portugal was able to discover more lands. This readily means that once they have settled in those areas, they have to efficiently supervise all the activities that occur in it. This situation should not come as a surprise or it is rather expected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First of all, it is pretty impossible for Portugal to directly manage its colonies since they are miles away from each other. The empire has to send its people to those areas in order to ensure that everything falls in their proper places. But distant lands prohibit simultaneous coordination and interaction among the leaders. For the monarchy, it is pretty hard for it to establish appropriate solutions and regulations for their colonies unless they have actual experience of the problem that is being manifested in a particular area. It would take months and years before updates and reports can be handed to the King. The moment that actions are ratified and certain laws are promulgated, there is a strong tendency that the problem has already become worse or the approaches used are no longer applicable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to that, viceroys and appointed leaders have to be financially supported by the monarchy. This is done to ensure that area rulers have enough supply of food and other materials to sustain their everyday lives and activities. But of course, the financial support came from the local residents’ taxes and hard-earned money. In the long run, there are also instances wherein the monarchy can no longer back-up and support these needs. This is most especially true if Portuguese leaders have already built their families in their respective colonies. As a result, the profits and revenues that they have collected from their colonies are barely enough for them to extend their stays and manage their specific domains.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is also important to note that distance issues are also prone to illegal activities. Appointed leaders could be tempted by the seemingly lucrative activities that are present in their colonies. When monitoring, coordinating and interacting are rarely practiced, then there is no doubt that Portuguese found itself on the losing end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The last but definitely not the least is the death of King Sebastian (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). This sad event proved to be a golden opportunity for Spain. King Philip II, who was the Spain’s rulers and King Sebastian’s uncle took over the latter’s position. What happened to Portugal then was that, it became Spain’s province (â€Å"Portugal† n.d). Relatively, the techniques and strategies that Portugal created and developed were exploited by Spain. Thus all the forthcoming success was now done in the name of Spain instead of Portugal. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Portugal is basically engulfed with the sweet promises of explorations and land discoveries. Although Roupp (2001) suggested that curiosity plays an important role, this aspect is outlasted by the need for profit and revenues (p.236). Once and for all, since Portugal has captured Ceuta, they have already recognized that if they can discover more lands, they can use the domain’s working force to their own advantage. They can ask the natives to produce goods that are widely popular in the European market. Moreover, it is pretty impossible to conclude that Portugal simply tried to know new routes for curiosity’s sake alone. The spice trade for example and the country’s domination and supremacy on the said area are manifestations of the unrelenting drive for both economic and geographic expansion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, since offshore management was not efficiently executed, such led to the downfall of what was once considered as the globe’s superpower. References Arnold, D. 2002. The Age of Discovery, 1400-1600. Routledge: USA Diffie, B   and Winius, D. (1977).  Ã‚   Foundations of the Portuguese Empire. Minnesota, USA:   Ã‚  Ã‚   University of Minnesota Press Gallagher, A. (2003). Prince Henry the Navigator: Pioneer of Modern Exploration. New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   York:    Rosen Publishing Group Inc Keefe, E. et. al (1977). Area Handbook for Portugal. Washington, DC: U.S. Government   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Printing Office Kiple, K and Omelas, K. 2000. The Cambridge World History of Food. Cambridge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University Press: Edinburgh Livingstone, D. 1993. The Geographical Tradition: Episodes in the History of A Contested   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Enterprise. Blackwell Publishing: USA Maddisson, A. 2006. The World Economy. OECD: France â€Å"Portugal† n.d. University of Calgary. Retrieved 18 March 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/portuguese.html Roupp, H. 2001. How to Prepare for SAT II. Barron’s: New York Wiarda, I. (2000). Handbook of Portuguese Studies. USA: Xlibris Corporation Wolpert, S. 1999. India. University of California Press: Berkeley   

Walmart Fighting World Hunger †How it affects Sales Essays

Walmart Fighting World Hunger – How it affects Sales Essays Walmart Fighting World Hunger – How it affects Sales Essay Walmart Fighting World Hunger – How it affects Sales Essay Essay Topic: Nashville Walmart Fighting World Hunger – How it affects Sales Name: Course: Date: Wal-Mart Fighting World Hunger – How it affects Sales Hunger has continued to be a major threat in most world countries, affecting millions of people especially in America. Nashville Wal-Mart market manager, Wade Hunt wants to make a big change to solve the issue of hunger. On a daily basis, many families countrywide have to deal with the constant task of fending for themselves and their loved ones. Indeed, the USDA reported that during the course of the year, almost sixteen percent of the population was unaware of the next source of their meal. This takes a toll on all members of the nation, with millions of people left at the brink of despair every day. This includes both children and senior citizens who are the most vulnerable members of the society. This is a major concern and Wal-Mart is inimitably positioned to make a significant impact, by working with nonprofit associates, societies and its own clientele in order to alleviate hunger in the nation. â€Å"Fighting Hunger Together† initiative was launched in 2010 by Wal-Mart and Wal-Mart Foundation. It committed a $2 billion cash and in kind kitty, through to 2015, to assist in stamping out hunger across the nation. This scheme allows a room for Walmart’s expansion and leverages his magnitude and assets to offer wholesome provisions and enable the Wal-Mart Foundation to award subsidy to nonprofits that aids to solve the great issue. Donations in form of cash, mobile pantries, food, refrigerated trucks and other forms of resources are bringing a great change in the lives of many Americans. To date, the initiative has provided more that $122 million donations and 594 million pounds of provisions to counties across the country. By the end of 2015, the initiative is expected to have achieved various goals. Firstly, the initiative will have contributed in excess of 1.1 pounds of food from Wal-Mart stores, Sam’s club location and major distribution centers valued at approximately $1.75 billion. This would highly boost sales in the stores because the products would be in high demand. The Wal-Mart stores will highly demand the hunger fighting tools, mainly food and other resources from the suppliers from the agricultural sectors, which would highly boost sales in all the affected sectors and parties involved. The initiative will also honor $250 million in funding to the benefit of hunger relief associations in all levels countrywide, thus being charitable to the society. Further, it would also mobilize Wal-Mart Associates and customers to work together in the fight against hunger in America. This would create awareness among people across the country and would sensitize the people on the methods ways to curb hunger and have a long lasting solution to the problem in America. Further, the initiative aims to collaborate with the government, other foundations and corporations and food manufacturers, to better understand and eliminate hunger in America. Through the government support, the initiative will help to create awareness at all levels on the measures required in the plan to alleviate hunger in the nation. The food manufacturers will also be armed in order to supply enough food and other products in the hunger stricken areas in America. Other foundations and corporations will help to secure and provide grants to eradicate hunger in the country and act as avenues that will enable the initiative reach the affected people and areas. In the fight against hunger, the government, food manufacturers and other foundations should cooperate and have a common goal to eliminate hunger.

International Economics Definition

International Economics Definition What exactly international economics is and what it covers tend to depend on the views of the person using the definition. Roughly speaking, it covers economic interactions between countries such as international trade. More precisely, international economics is the field of study that deals with trade between countries. Topics in the Field of International Economics The following topics are a sample of those considered in the field of international economics: Exchange rates and flows of money between countries Free trade and trade disputes, such as the softwood lumber dispute Immigration and migration between countriesThe role regulations and shipping costs play on trade flowsHow differences in tax regimes influence a companys decisions on which countries to operate in International Economics - One Perspective The book International Economics: Global Markets and International Competition gives the following definition: International economics describes and predicts production, trade, and investment across countries. Wages and income rise and fall with international commerce even in large rich developed economies like the US. In many countries, international economics is a matter of life and death. Economics as a field began in England in the 1700s with a debate over issues of free international commerce, and the debate continues. Domestic industries pay politicians for protection against foreign competition. Institute for International Economics' Definition The Institute for International Economics examines a number of hot topics in international economics, such as outsourcing, US steel policy, the Chinese exchange rate, and trade and labor standards. International economists study questions such as How do sanctions on Iraq impact the lives of the common citizen in the country?, Do floating exchange rates cause financial instability?, and Does globalization lead to an erosion of labor standards?. Needless to say, international economists deal with some of the more controversial topics in economics.