Oklahoma City Bombing :: essays research papers

Do you remember the conflict that America had in the Persian Gulf a fewer years back? An incident occurred t present where a man drove a truck loaded with explosives into the building where more than 100 Marines were stationed. He blew up the building, along with the Marines. The incident was published by the AP Press soon after. Now do you remember the bombing just four years ago, in okey City? Suspects Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols drove a Ryder Van loaded with 4,800 pounds of fertilizer and fuel oil to the front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, where it subsequently exploded, killing 169 passel and injuring some 500 others. Of course you do. While both were massive acts of violence involving American citizens, the impact of such acts is always felt the most when it happens right here at home. These days, America is filled with those people who disagree with our system of government. Most times, these people suffer silently, expressing their opinions through their votes, or within the discussions that they hold in their own private homes. When these people act upon this anger, and their disagreement, the feelings are brought beyond the point of normal behavior to vigilantism and violence. This animosity, when pushed to these limits, often results in tragedy, a tragedy that we call domestic help act of terrorism. organism the oldest daughter of a Senior ATF Agent, I have been exposed to domestic terrorism all of my life. My father has investigated thousands of bombings, fires, and explosions for more than twenty years now. Many of these incidents were examples of the terrorism that I speak about. His experiences have taught me countless lessons and informed me of many current events. The information that I have obtained from him is far more valuable than anything that the media could ever possibly convey. Though he is always strictly guarded with the confidences of his profession, he has always provided me with a firsthand knowledge of the impact that domestic terrorism has on the citizens and integrity enforcement. Through him, I learn the facts of these incidents without the medias exaggerations. Today I will share with you some of these facts. I will talk to you about the impact that domestic terrorism has on our citizens. These impacts include the monetary damages that terrorism inflicts, along with the injuries to the victims, the shocking repercussions that are embedded into the minds and souls of the people who come to sort through the debris to find the survivors and the remaining evidence.

A. B. Facey’s Relation to The typical Australian Essay -- essays resea

Australia has had many national identities in its existence the most noticeable of these being the Bush discourse, the battler discourse, the Convict discourse and the Larrikin discourse. Russel cellblock utilises these discourses in his book, The Australian Legend. He explains that the typical Australian is a practical man, tough who drinks heavily. A. B. Facey is a classic example of a typical Australian, although he does not fit in with all of the aspects of Wards construction.The convict discourse, Australias first image, was christened by the first fleet, which consisted of incredibly hard-hitting men, who came from Britain in 1788. Britain was no longer allowed to ship convicts from Britain to the American Colonies, forcing her to find a new land to use. Australia. The convict discourse consisted, like most of Australias identities, of the dominant man, strong, practical and only if anti-British, holding absolutely no respect for the crown. After the British government became aware of the reputation of Australia, she began offering free land to settlers who wished to take up manor hall in Australia. This was designed as a bribe to create a more pro-government settlement. During the 19th century, the representation of Australia began to change. Poets such as Banjo Patterson created this new image, through poems such as The Man From Snowy River, creating the image of the bush. In addition to the bush discourse and the convict discourse Australia had the militar...

Heavens Delight - Vanilla :: Botany

Heavens Delight - vanilla extractCommercial vanilla is the fruit (capsule) obtained from several different species of Orchidaceae, namely, Vanilla pompona Schiede (West Indian vanilla), Vanilla tahitiensis J. M. Moore (Tahiti vanilla) and Vanilla planifolia Jackson (Mexican vanilla). The most important is Vanilla planifolia Jackson, from which almost all vanilla fruits come from (Ferro, 1993). The genus Vanilla has about 100 species, and the Orchidaceae family is one of the largest in the nominate Kingdom, with more or less 20,000 species. Etymologically, the word vanilla came from the Spanish vainilla, which means a small pod, due to the great similarity between this fruit and a true pod (Ferro, 1992 Mabberley, 1993). Floriculture is the field that we immediately recall when we think of orchid plants. However, the genus Vanilla is the only one of the family that is of direct economic interest. Some countryfied societies in Turkey and Greece still use salep, a staple flour made fro m the tubers of certain orchids, especially those included in the genus Orchis. Although the use of orchids for this purpose is earlier localised, it is bringing some species of this genus to the edge of extinction (Baumann, 1996). The vanilla plant is a vine, native from the tropical forests of Central America and some aras of South America. In its raw(a) habitat, it may reach a length of 25 meters, climbing with the help of adventitious roots. The stems are thick and fleshy green the leaves are alternate, long elliptical, stalkless and bright green. The flowers, in clusters, appear in the leaf axils. They live only 8 hours and die if fertilization fails to occur. The plant blooms three years after the cuttings are planted and the yellow greenish fruits many have up to 90,000 seeds, taking five to seven months to mature. The fruit is scentless when harvested, it has a length between 10 to 25 cm and a weight of 5 to 30g (Ferro, 1993). Vanilla was brought to Europe by the Spanish conquerors of the New World. They found it in Mexico, when Montezuma, the last Aztec Emperor, offered them a subscribe made of chocolate, vanilla, red pepper and honey. Local aristocracy used it to flavor chocolate, a custom still practised today (Brosse et al. 1989). The Dutch introduced vanilla in Java (Indonesia), a former European colony in East Indies, at the beginning of the nineteenth century and the French did the same in the reunification Island, Mauritius and Madagascar, all located in the Southwest Indian Ocean.

Deist Pantheism in Tintern Abbey :: William Wordsworth Poetry

Tintern Abbey typifies William Wordsworths desire to demonstrate what he sees as the oneness of the homosexual psyche with that of the universal mind of the cosmos. It is his pantheistic attempt to unfurl the amount of money of reputations majestic mystery that often evades understanding, marking his progression as a young writer firmly rooted within the revolutionary tradition to one caught in perplexity about which way to proceed socially and morally, and further, to define for himself a new personal socio-political vision. Moreover, Tintern Abbey exhibits Wordsworths eclipsing of the Cartesian belief in a uncanny creator who stands beyond the universe, echoing the ideas of Burach Spinoza, and redefining late eighteenth century deism into a more personal, pantheist revision of nature. The poems portrayal of the intimate connection with nature implicitly underscores Wordsworths view on conventional religious belief as one surpassing commonly held interpretations of the sup ernatural. It conveys Wordsworths ideal of the universe as bound inextricably within the essence of all that is harmonious and natural -- a Oneness. It sympathetically depicts the inseparability of God from nature, the material-spirit of energy that, as Wordsworth portrays it, imbues the life force with . . . a sense sublime Of something far more deeply interfused, Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns, And the round ocean and the living air, And the blue sky, and in the mind of man A effect and a spirit, that impels All thinking things, all objects of all thought, And rolls through all things. (96-103) In terms of Tintern Abbeys naturalistic depiction of natures interconnection with the universe and humanity, the poem reveals Samuel Taylor Coleridge and illusion Thelwalls implicit influence upon Wordsworths development as both a writer and naturalist poet. Similar to Wordsworth, for instance, John Thelwall illuminates the organic spur of the human frame and another(prenominal) life forms in his scientific prose, such as found in his celebrated medical essay, Towards A Definition of Animal Vitality (1793). Thelwalls cosmic-monism fuses the workings of the human body to the movements of heaven and earth -- a holistic interconnection of the organic to the inorganic. His connection to Wordsworth through Coleridge serves to partially explain the inherent pantheistic vision in Tintern Abbeys 1798 composition.

Voice Recognition Technologies :: Essays Papers

Voice Recognition Technologies The 20th century has been a technical marvel. We have advanced more in the 20th century than we have during any other one-hundred year term in recorded history. This is due to a number of reasons. One of which is the early conflicts of the century. World War I and World War II veerd the world forever. During these global conflicts, countries certain advanced weapons. They in like manner developed advanced communications and other technologies. The Internet came as a result of the militarys efforts in World War II, and the fear of a atomic conflict. Then, during the last decade of the 20th century, the Internet and computers exploded to take control of much of our society. Computers are now everywhere. This is evident in another rapidly progress industry, and that is the automotive industry. Cars, trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles are rapidly becoming more and more computer driven. The most advanced safety features in a car , such as Anti-lock brakes, Traction Control, Active Stability, and even the air bags are control by shock sensors sent to a computer for analysis. If the computer determines that the impact is severe, itll position the airbag. Another advancing technology appearing in cars is voice and speech recognition. Many new cars feature a system called OnStar, which allows voice activated dialing of a cellular phone service. Most new after-market compact disc players that are installed in cars can feature voice control. Systems from Kenwood and others allow you to change tracks, adjust the volume, change the radio station, and eject the CD without having to remove your hands from the steering wheel. Each of these compact disc units feature a small micro serve upor in them and memory to process the drivers voice that is input into a microphone. After the system has been sufficiently trained, which is when the computer attempts to learn and understand the persons speech patterns , it entrust recognize the drivers voice and commands, and then perform them. Other voice advancements inside the car besides the ability to control the stereo is also a computerized location system. The global positioning satellite locates vehicles, then directions and other commands are given by voice from the computer center to the driver of the automobile.

Voice Recognition Technologies :: Essays Papers

Voice Recognition Technologies The 20th century has been a proficient marvel. We have advanced more in the 20th century than we have during any other one-hundred year term in recorded history. This is due to a number of reasons. One of which is the early conflicts of the century. World War I and World War II alterd the world forever. During these global conflicts, countries veritable advanced weapons. They also developed advanced communications and other technologies. The Internet came as a result of the militarys efforts in World War II, and the fear of a thermonuclear conflict. Then, during the last decade of the 20th century, the Internet and computers exploded to take control of much of our society. Computers are now everywhere. This is evident in another rapidly forward-moving industry, and that is the automotive industry. Cars, trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles are rapidly becoming more and more computer driven. The most advanced safety features in a car, such as Anti-lock brakes, Traction Control, Active Stability, and even the air bags are control by shock sensors sent to a computer for analysis. If the computer determines that the impact is severe, itll position the airbag. Another advancing technology appearing in cars is voice and speech recognition. Many new cars feature a system called OnStar, which allows voice activated dialing of a cellular phone service. Most new after-market compact disc players that are installed in cars can feature voice control. Systems from Kenwood and others allow you to change tracks, adjust the volume, change the radio station, and eject the CD without having to remove your hands from the steering wheel. Each of these compact disc units feature a small micro attend toor in them and memory to process the drivers voice that is input into a microphone. After the system has been sufficiently trained, which is when the computer attempts to learn and understand the persons speech patterns, it entrust recognize the drivers voice and commands, and then perform them. Other voice advancements inside the car besides the ability to control the stereo is also a computerized location system. The global positioning satellite locates vehicles, then directions and other commands are given by voice from the computer center to the driver of the automobile.

Respiration & Homeostasis

RESPIRATION * The release of energy from food * All living cells need energy to carry bulge M R S G R E N, contraction of muscles, build up of larger molecules (e. g. proteins), maintains steady body temperature (homeostasis) * Aerobic * needs oxygen * only(prenominal) occurs when a certain amount of oxygen is available * C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy * releases large amount of energy (2900 KJ) * Anaerobic * without oxygen * glucose lactic acid C6H12O6 2C3H6O3 * releases small amount of energy (120 KJ) * poisonous waste (lactic acid) removed to produce joined with O2, H2O + CO2 BREATHING Inhalation taking air in lungs * muscles contract diaphragm, intercostal muscles * chroma increases * outside of lungs high atmospheric pressure inside lungs low pressure * air flows into the lungs because of the unlikeness in pressure * Inhalation taking air out of lungs * muscles relax diaphragm, intercostal muscles contract internal intercostal muscles * volume decreases * outside of lungs low pressure inside lungs high pressure * air flows out of the lungs because of the difference in pressure * GASES EXCHANGED INHALED EXHALED * Carbon Dioxide 0. 4% 4% * Nitrogen 79% 79% * Oxygen 21% 16% * Water Variable laid-back * Temperature Variable High * Alveoli are the site of gas exchange. Adaptations * large get hold area * good supply of oxygen and seam (surrounded by capillaries) for rapid distribution of gas * thin walls * moist lining for dissolving gasesHOMEOSTASIS * the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body * Conditions that are kept the identical 1. Body Temperature 2. pH 7. 4 (Blood) 3. water content 4. oxygen 5. glucose concentration * thermoregulation maintaining a constant temperature (370C) * enzymes work best at 370C * temperature is monitored by hypothalamus (thermoregulatory centre) as the blood passes * consistence TEMPERATURE RISES 6. hairs lie flat less air trapped (less insulation) more heat is lost from the skin 7. weat is produced water in swear evaporates taking away(predicate) heat from the skin 8. vasodilation blood vessels near the surface of the skin dilate to increase blood flow from the capillaries so more heat is lost * BODY TEMPERATURE FALLS 9. hairs stand up on end air is trapped for body insulation 10. less/ no sweat is produced 11. vasoconstriction blood vessels near surface of skin constrict to decrease blood flow to capillaries so less heat is lost 12. shivering muscles produce heat by respiration

The Life of Walter Mitty (Alternate Ending)

The life of Walter Mitty By Gregory J 1s 9/17/12 Walter Mitty the Undefeated, inscrutable to the last. Walter his wife yelled what are you doing cant you see Im ready to leave Ok Mitty replied they got into the car and Mitty turned on the radio. The Football bet had just ended, and the announcer was describing the atmosphere in the game it was the 4th quarter with only 30 seconds left on the clock. Ok Mitty youre spillage to throw to the induce route understand? Yeah coach I know what to do Ive done this before Mitty ran onto the field into the huddle. Ok guys we got 30 seconds left were going for it now, everyone just run wad for a Hail Mary. The players stared at him in confusion they all knew the coach wouldnt have called the play but they had religious belief in their quarterback to win the games. Mitty slowly walked up to the center and got set, looking at the railway systembackers and safety. Hike Mitty dropped back, but the defensive tackle broke through the line and chased him out of the pocket. Mitty rolled out of the pocket knowing there wouldnt be any open receivers. He pumped fake to invent the linebackers drop deeper in coverage before he started streamlet. He juked the first linebacker and hurdled the second. The crowd began to scream and yell as they realized Mitty had got the first down with 20 seconds remaining on the clock. But Mitty didnt run out of bounds he was going for the win now.The corners and safety know having knowledge that Mitty was running immediately joined the chase. He stiff armed one corner to the ground still in full stride. The crowd was going completely berserk. Mitty had one last man until he scored the winning touchdown. Mitty was on the 5 the safety on the 1 Mitty leaped off the ground reaching the ball out. Walter you passed our house I was going to score Mitty whispered what??? You must remember to take your medicine you always daze off when you dont.

Communication in Health and Social Care Essay

1. 1 Apply relevant theories of communication to health and social circumspection contextsAccording to George Gerbner,he describes the three main branches of communication studies as 1. semiotics The study of signs and symbols and how they combine to convey meaning in different social contexts,This branch is mainly interested with how verbal,non verbal and aural signs and symbols combine to create messages. 2.Media effects the study of behaviour and interaction through exposure to messages,It emphasizes measuring,explaining and predicting communication effects on knowledge,perceptions,beliefs,attitudes and public opinion,It is potently influenced by scientific methods from the fields of psychology and social psychology. 3. Message production is the study of the large-scale organization through social institutions and system,example mass media,political organisation,government and advocacy groups.Their history, regulations,policy fashioning impact,It is strongly influenced by scien tific methods from the fields of sociology but also by the methods of political science and public affair. According to Abraham Maslows humanistic theory of skill,learning contributes to mental health. The goals of learning includes disco genuinely of ones vocation or destinyknowledge of setrealization of life as preciousacquisition of peak experiences senses of accomplishmentsatisfaction of psychological needsaw beness of beauty and wonder of lifeimpulse controldeveloping choice and grappling with critical existential problems of life.Applying Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of needs in The negociate Home Setting, serve users needs should be met like Freedom of abuse and neglect from the maintenance workers and ensuring them adequate food and shelterFree from any sweet of discrimination, bumps and danger to be able to feel safeAbility to trust their disturbance workers and receive effective communicationRespect for their rights,dignity,privacy and diversityHelping them post contr ol of their own lives in enunciate to develop their full potential and reach their goal. According to John B. Watson, Behaviours can be measured,trained and changed.It also acquired through learn which occurs through interaction with the environment. All of our sensory work, memory work,attention,etc,are part of definite modes of behaviour. In a Care Home Setting, it explains why we need to separate service users with an agitative behaviour from a noisy environment where other service users are happily participating in a physical activities,to prevent his/her fermenting to aggression which can be potentially harm to the other individuals, help workers needs to take the service user to a quiet place to settle down.sometimes moody behaviours are the service users way to fleet what they feel so its very important on the part on the fright workers to be very observant on service users mood change and act accordingly According to Sigmund Freuds outline of psychoanalysis(1940),He com pared the human mind to an iceberg in order to describe the structure of in-personity. The small portion of the iceberg that lies above the water represents the conscious mind,or all the thoughts,feelings,and desires that you are fully aware of. This is the aspect of our mental process than we can think and talk about rationally.A part of this includes our memory,which is not always part of consciousness but can be retrieved easily at any time and can be brought into awareness which is called preconscious. The massive below the surface represents our unconscious(p) mind,The reservoir of feelings,thoughts,urges and memories that outside of our conscious awareness. Most of the contents of the unconscious are unacceptable or unpleasant,such as feelings of pain,anxiety or conflict. According to Freud, the consciousness continues to influence behaviour and experience,even though we are unaware of these underlying influences.In intercourse to this theory at The Care Home setting,Care w orkers deal with different Service user with different behaviours, medical problems,communication problems,cultures and needs. It is very important to identify the individuals communication capabilities and incapabilities to be able to help them empower their weaknesses and difficulties,in that way, care workers will be able to get cooperation from the service users and establish rapport on doing their everyday task and to receive their needs and maintain their well being.According to Ulric Neisser cognition is all processes by which the sensory input is transferred ,reduced,elaborated, stores,recovered and used. In short,it means it is the branch of psychology that studies mental processes including how passel think,perceive,remember and learn. It is involved in everything a human being great power possibly dothat every psychological phenomenon is cognitive phenomenon. An example of this theory at the Care Home Setting where service users are suffering of dementia,Care workers n eeds to encourage service users to participate on ctivities such as brain and physical exercises,social gatherings and relieve oneself a good diet,to stimulate their brain cells and regained its brain power.1. 2 Undertake and evaluate at least one communication activity in health and Social Care Organization,considering Confidentiality and Data Protection Act 1998. Communication in a Health Care Organization is very important. It is the key for the health care providers and other health agencies to carry out their responsibilities to maintain the well being of the service users.An example of this is when making a care plan for the service users,all individuals that are involve in continuing health care of the service user must contribute on making the care plan by communication their observations, assessments and suggestions on the service users daily activities ,risks and wellness. The service user should contribute as well on making their care plan by telling their preferences, choices, wishes and needs. Otherwise, the care workers will have no idea what kind of care the service users wanted to receive.If the service user cant speak for themselves,there must be a representative to speak for their behalf,either a social care worker,solicitor or a member of their family. When the care plan has been made,it should be kept in a cook and protected filing cabinet which only authorize person can have access on the document for data protection and to maintain confidentiality on the informations written in the care plan to protect all personal informations gathered.If the service user needs to be transferred to a new health care services,the care plan should be presented for their reference.1. 3 Describe and explore barriers to communication with health and social care Organisations In a Care Home for assailable adults,the most common communication barriers that a care workers encounter are the following difficulty of hearing,impaired eyesight,learning difficulti es,memory loss,foreign language,cultural differences,stroke,emotional problems,sensory loss and others.Problem arises between care workers and service users when doing personal care tasks if these barriers mentioned are present, the task may not be completed well because of mis encountering which resulting in cooperation from the service user. Therefore,it will never be prosperous for the care worker to perform the task well without the full cooperation of the service user. Often times service users disagree with some procedures if your explanation is not teeming for them to understand it,or if they are not comfortable with it.To solve the problem, care workers should encourage the service user s to have an input with the care they want to receive. They might know a better way to do the task in their most comfortable and convenient way. If the service user have difficulty of communicating because of the barriers mentioned,ask them what kind of communication method they prefer and wish to use,thus giving them a choice. Explain the various methods of communication available and what would be suitable for them.Seek move on advice from the specialists in the wider health care team. Care givers also consult to the clients care plan as this should contain all necessary information. Care givers need to hear attentively and take notice of what the service users are communicating and not assume what they want.1. 4 Understand how to transmit values and the need to transmit values when communicating within health and social care Organizations Respecting the rights of the service users at the care home should be highly observe.When the preferred method of communication of a service user has been identified,which is obviously the ones that they can communicate most effectively,care workers must respect to use it or learn to use it because if they dont,then they are of risk of not communicating effectively,distressing the service user and breaching their rights. A servi ce user who has suffered of stroke may have communication problem such as, they can understand the care workers completely but have difficulty with speech and its likely to become very frustrated if they cannot express themselves using their preferred method of communication.Problems arises when the care worker will just assume what the service user is saying rather than giving them more time to talk or attempting to encourage them to communicate their choices,wishes,preference and needs. If this happens the service user may end up for exampleserved with a meal they never want, wear clothes they never picked out and go to render when they dont wish to,these situations shows that the rights of the service users has been taken away from them.

Short Story Sonny Blues

In James Baldwins, cubs discolour, he uses many different symbols throughout his short accounting to present the over entirely al-Qaida of suffering to the reader. He uses symbols such as music, characters facial expressions and the presence of ice, light and nefariousness. In the very beginning of the story when the vote counter is reading the paper and he comes across the news of his sidekick, lad, he says, A great block of ice got settled in my belly and kept melt down there slowly all day long. (Baldwin 600) He to a fault says it was a special kind of ice.It kept melting, s give the axeing trickles of ice water all up and down my veins, tho it never got less. (Baldwin 600) This is not the only time that the ice presents itself. It reappears when the storyteller meets one of Sonnys fri send aways who is also a do drugs addict, and again later when Sonny is over for dinner with the storytellers family. The ice that appears whenever the narrator feels an uncomfortable or painful situation represents how the narrator is incapable of dealing with his own emotions well. The ice also allows the reader to empathize with how the narrator feels about how his sidekick is leading his life.Another symbol Baldwin uses throughout Sonnys Blues is light and darkness. Throughout the story there is a contrast of light and darkness. For example, in the first paragraph of the story, Sonnys Blues Baldwin writes, I stared at it in the wavering lights of the subway car, and in the faces and bodies of the people, and in my own face, trapped in the darkness which roared outside. (Baldwin 599) This contrasts the lightness and the darkness. It demonstrates the contrast between his own suffering and the beingness around him and the suffering of the world.Another example of lightness and darkness Baldwin uses in the short story is when the narrators mother is recalling the story of the narrators nonplus and his brother she says there was a moon that night, it was bright like day. (Baldwin 607) This is when the narrators father and his brother are having a good time and locomote home. This brightness of the moon is used to represent the light, which represents all the hope and good things in life. The narrators mother later recalls, he says he never in his life seen anything as dark as that road after the lights of that car had gone away. (Baldwin 608) Referring to after the narrators fathers brother had been hit and killed. The color of the mens skin also represents the contrast between light and darkness. The men that killed the narrators fathers brother were all white and the other two men were dark skinned. This is also an example of the contrasting of light and dark. This shows how the difference of something in the same situation digest both have two different results. Meaning that both the light men and the dark men were drunk. They were each also having fun. The situations were both similar, but the end results of each situation were ver y different.One of the dark men lost their life to the light men. The darkness is used to represent the tormenting and dark moments in the characters lives. The darkness nevertheless is always stabilized with lightness. Just like the dark road was stabilized with the lightness of the car lights. This light is used to signify safety and comfort, while the darkness represents the turmoil also looking to destroy that safety and comfort. Another way Baldwin symbolizes the overall theme of suffering is through the characters facial expressions and interactions.Baldwin writes And I watched her face as she laughingly responded to something someone said to her, still keeping time to the music. When she smiled one saw the little girl, one sensed the doomed, still try women beneath the battered face of the semi-whore. (Baldwin 602) This shows that counterbalance under her battered face there was still a glimpse of when she was young. The narrator can see her as a young innocent little gi rl. This shows the reader that there is hope even in suffering. Baldwin is also trying to get his point across that even though one may suffer, the suffering will not change the past and whom you are or have become.Another example of how Baldwin incorporates the facial expressions of his characters to help advance the overall theme of suffering is when the narrator is on the subway in the first few sentences of the short story. He writes, I stared at it in the swinging lights of the subway car, and in the faces of the bodies of the people, and in my own face, trapped in the darkness. (Baldwin 600) This illustrates that not only does the narrator feel and see suffering inside himself and his own face, but he also sees it inside the faces of others and the surroundings around him.This also proves that the overall effect of suffering is visible to one who is suffering themselves, like that of the narrators. Baldwin also promotes the theme of Sonnys Blues by using the presence of musi c. The entire short story is loaded with occasions of music. The overall title of the story even contains music. Sonnys Blues, promotes the tone and theme of suffering throughout the entire story. It provides the reader with information that there will be suffering in the story. Giving them an idea of what is to come before even being read. Another example of music is Sonnys growing love for playing the piano.The narrator states Sonny was so serious about his music and how, as soon as he came in from school, he went straight to that piano and stayed there until suppertime. , He was at the piano all day Saturday and all day Sunday. (Baldwin 612) This tells the reader of Sonnys love for music. It illustrates how the music is Sonnys safety and allows him to not suffer. When Baldwin makes it clear to the reader that Isabel and her mother grow tired of the music, it wasnt like living with a person at all, it was like living with sound. And the sound didnt make any sense to her, didnt ma ke any sense to any of them naturally. (Baldwin 612) This proves that music can both heal suffering but also create it. The music for Sonny was a safety. To Sonny the music made him feel at ease and helped to subside his suffering. It wasnt until after Sonny stop playing the piano and his records that he began to truly feel the power of his suffering. Although the music was a medicine to Sonnys suffering, it was the cause of suffering for Isabel and her mother. This suffering caused Isabels mother to snap and yell at Sonny. This caused Sonny to stop playing the piano and thus the true suffering began.Another example of suffering and music is when the narrator witnesses the meeting on the corner. He watches the battered people play their music and notices their suffering. He says, As the singing filled the air the watching, listening faces underwent a change, the look focusing on something within the music seemed to soothe a poison out of them and time seemed, nearly, to fall away from the sullen, belligerent, battered faces, as though they were fleeing bottom to their first condition, while dreaming of their last. (Baldwin 615) Showing again how music can be a safety and a rescuer to not only Sonny but others as well.By the narrator stating this it shows that it is noticeable of the change in expression music brings as it lessens the sufferings of those who play. Sonnys fingers filled the air with life, his life. (Baldwin 620) Near the end of Baldwins story Sonny plays his music once again. To most, the music Sonny plays is merely for entertainment. But to some it is a story, Sonnys story. As Sonny plays, the narrator notices the things his brother has been through and felt. While Sonny plays the narrator notices both his brothers suffering as well as his own.

Tourism: Brazil’s Location

brazil-nut tree which is the well-favouredgest country in the to the south America is a unique country with wonderful destinations and attractions. With half of South Americas land and one-third of the community of all Latin Ameri ejects, brazil-nut tree is a land of the marvelous, transcendent and the tragic. The gross ara of brazil coers approximately half of South America as it is the mainlands biggest nation. At just over 3. 3million squargon miles, it is slightly larger than the continental United States (Eakin 1997).It extends 4,772 km from North to South and 4,331 km from due east to west. in addition, border of brazil-nut tree meet other nations on the continent excluding Ecuador and Chile. The east side of brazil nut is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean. The north side of brazil nut is surrounded by Guyana, French Guiana, Venezuela, and Suriname. On the northwest, Colombia edges brazil nut. On the west, brazil-nut tree is edged by Bolivia and Peru. On the southwest , Argentina and Paraguay edge Brazil. On the south, Brazil is placing Uruguay (Infoplease cc0).The population typography of Brazil. harmonise to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (2013) which is the disposal statistical agency, Brazils population had increase to approximately from139. 8m in 1990 to 175. 9m in 2003. likewise, it is predicted to reach around 200. 3m in 2020. Thus, it is on the face of it that Brazils population has been continually increasing. Brazilian society progressed from succeeding waves of immigration from Europe and Africa. As illustrated by the 1996 census, 83m Brazilians are of European origin including about 60m of mixed race. The black inhabitants are of 7. m and Brazilians of Asian origins are about 700,000. Also, indigenous Indians who live in Brazil are about 162,000.Furthermore, the massive volume of research on racial dynamics in Brazil concentrates on the black-to-white variety. Brazils large-scale companionable surveys us ually use three heathenish or color to capture the variety of identifications on this continuum including white (branco), brown (pardo, or mixed), and black (preto). It was surveyed that about 99% of the Brazils population included in one of these three classes in the three polls 1991, 2000, and 2010 (Stanley et al. 013). ?The cultural and economic features of Brazil Brazilian identicalness has been mainly formed by the Portuguese, who delivered its major language and religion. However, it has been shaped by also autochthonous indios, Africans and the many migrants from Europe, the Middle East and Asia. According to Burity (2008), even though Indigenous ending has oft overlooked by urban Brazilians, it has assisted to shape modern Brazil and its traditional myth, dance as well as music. The influence of African culture is also obvious, particularly in the Northeast.Portuguese brought not only a large number of black slaves but also their religion, music and cuisine which endur e developed a part of Brazilian identity. It is obviously that Brazil is a very racially and culturally compound nation. Brazils economy has get a major object of speculation for international stakeholders, researchers, specialists, and policymakers over the world. With filled natural resources, and gradually energetic global corporations, Brazil has been notably selected as BRIC which are the four very large, rapidly emerging economies countries including Russia, India and China.There are several major factors that Brazil can be emerged as a rising star. Those are the strong global demand for the countrys key products, wide-reaching successes for the countrys main corporations, and proper economic policies which throw off improved confidence. Although once Brazils economy stagnated with debt crisis, macroeconomic volatility and high inflation during the 1980s, today, Brazil is more intensely incorporated with the global economy than at any eon in the past half century (Brainard & Martinez-Diaz 2009).Brazils economic management has been respect adequate however, public debt quiet remains high, which may pressure on organization finances and menace social security. This is one of the major issues in Brazils sustained economic strength for the future and sustaining growth to show employment and reducing government debt can be considered (St Louis 2010). ?Features of Brazils natural environment Brazil boasts some of the to the highest degree marvelous political platformt and sensual life in the world. Brazil has the worlds largest rain forest, as well as the greatest wetlands.Rain Forest covers much of the Amazon river drainage basin while Wetland which is the largest fresh water swamp in the world, is half the size of France. This is mainly flooded grasslands from the River Paraguay which starts in Brazil and f broken ins south to Argentina. This area is called the Pantanal. In Brazil, around 55,000 species of plants, 3000 freshwater fish, 770 amphibian s and 520 mammals are found. More than one-third of the reptiles and over half the amphibians take place nowhere else and new species are being discovered constantly.Brazil has five principal biomes which are Amazonia, Atlantic rain forest, Caatinga, Cerrado and the wetlands of the Pantanal. Brazil is huge country and its flora and fauna are scattered across vast regions (St Louis 2010). ?The account statement of touristry in Brazil Although Brazil is the biggest country in South America and has an abundance of cultural and environmental transmutation, touristry has been generally ignored by both policy makers and the private division (Santana 2000).As the challenge of fostering the socioeconomic using by increasing the number of tourists, at that place was something the federal government took up only in the beginning of 1990s. Its application involved a series of public and private investments which necessitate transformed both the region and social relationships in the are as directly influenced. Until the 1966 establishment of the Brazilian Tourism Institute named EMBRATUR, thither was fundamentally no authorized policy of supporting touristry. EMBRATUR regulated several scathe which can be considered as the creation of a national tourism policy.However, the initial role allocated to EMBRATUR was inadequate to consolidating the internal commercialize and increasing external demand. In the beginning of the 1990s, an institute made the basic agent for developing official policies for the sector (Bartholo et al 2008). ?The place of tourism in the economic life of Brazil Although Brazil is not a tourism-dependent nation, tourism indicates one of the most vital areas for the successful Brazilian economy as well as the constant countrys development.According to Santana (2000), the tourism industry in Brazil has also been generally recognized as a promoter of social and economic development by the inception of the Ministry of Sports and Tourism. With su pported by increasing economic development, most tourism indicators had experienced extraordinary growth by 1998. The deregulation of air transport helped out to nominate domestic travel to record levels in 1998 the number of air passengers rose by 25 percent among 1997 and 1998. Also domestic travel increased by 43 percent over 1997, when 38. million Brazilians travelled indoors the country. The contribution to overall tourism receipts in 1998 was significant, with over US $6 billion.The economic stability and strong currency have also made it possible for Brazilians to travel abroad. In 1997 Brazil experienced an unprecedented tourism shortfall that destabilized the countrys balance of payments. More than four million Brazilians went abroad compared to 2. 9 million international arrivals. According to the EMBRATUR, domestic and international tourism contributed over US $billion to the Brazilian economy, or 3. percent of the nations GDP (Santana 2000). Therefore, it is expected that there is a significant correlation ship between Brazilian tourism and Brazilian economic. Factors influencing tourists choice of Brazil as a destination ?Push factors that create tourist demand for tourism in Brazil Push factors refer to the fundamental necessary for engaging in tourism that is for using the facilities provided by the tourism industry (Weaver & Lawton 2006). There are several energy factors that create a demand for tourism activity in Brazil.First of all, natural environment much(prenominal) as abundant natural resources are astray use to promote the nations tourism. International tourists inclined to be attracted by Brazilian regions which have various attractions such as rivers, waterfalls, national parks, beaches and native forests. These attractions strengthen Brazilian local economy. Also economic and technological development has made Brazil become the worlds fourth-largest internal flight market in terms of the number of travelers transported on plan airlines.The number of total internal air travelers in Brazil reached about 77. 4 million in 2011. Furthermore, infrastructure fiber affects destination competitiveness in important ways. The step of a destinations infrastructure may serve to attract tourists. In the process of choosing a destination, the image of infrastructure go forth play important role. Another factor can be a political issue that tourists should have the approval of their government to enable them to travel to Brazil.The Brazilian government concludes a number of open skies contracts with several countries during 2009 and 2010 to open its air transportation provision and wind more foreign visitors into Brazil. Furthermore, the development of social tourism can be one of the factors. Vilela de Almeida (2011) mentions that in contemporary society, social tourism has been emphasized because, social tourism provides opportunities for travel and holidays for Brazilians who do not have access to large amounts o f discretionary income.There have been attempts by the Brazilian government to provide holiday opportunities for low income local people, for elderly people and for students. Those mentioned factors can be significant roles to develop Brazilian tourism. Components of the tourism supply-side in Brazil ?The ways in which Brazil and its attractions are promoted and interpreted The Brazils military government created Embratur, the Brazilian Tourist Agency, with the purpose of reshaping the tarnished image of the country, caused by reports of torture and a charabance by the dictatorship.Thus, Embratur became an important cats-paw for the formation of Brazils image abroad (Bandyopadhyay & Nascimento 2010). Also Filho (2005) mentioned that in its advertisements Embratur emphasized Brazilian womans physical assets such as big bottoms, their tanned skin and ease of being seduced. Furthermore, Alfonso commented that Embratur, the governmental body responsible for the regulation of the nation al tourist sector, disseminated images of almost naked women, mostly in Rio de Janeiro, in leaflets and banners.This city and symbols like the mulatta and samba, representing the beauties of Brazilian beasches and the national carnival were chosen to structure Brazils image in the international market between mid-seventies and 1990s. However, today public and private officials are trying to revitalize tourism image as part of more diversified tourist products which includes fishing within rural and eco-tourism. Eco-tourism is promoted in the media by marketing the Pantanal as a paradise, an El Dorado and an ecological sanctuary.Officials are keen on developing ecotourism in a more planned way which would be coherent with maintaining local natural and cultural resources rather than encourage mass tourism which could provoke the opposite. The development of local rural and eco-tourism was first promoted by government tourist agencies and then taken up by the regional residents (Arauj o& Bicalho 2009). ?Services available to tourists in Brazil including transport and hospitality Sustainable serve which include transport and hospitality is one of the most significant component of the tourism supply-side in Brazil.Lowry (2012) reports that the tourism plan for the FIFA World Cup 2014 which is developed by the World Cup Executive Group (GECOPA), provide better tourism information to tourists. Also it offers quality services and accommodation, and promotes tourism destinations in Brazil. The plan provides for the construction, renovation or expansion of tourist service centers, the establishment of tourist signage, and civil construction projects to ensure accessibility for persons with disabilities. Also Araujo and Bicalho (2009) mentioned that there has been constantly development of amenities for tourism in Pantanal.A new airport was constructed in Bonito municipality and another new airport is scheduled for Porto Murtinho municipality. A paved freeway was built across the Pantanal between Corumba and the state capital Campo Grande. Existing roadstead within the swamps have been converted into park routes. Also a historic railway between Campo Grande, Miranda and Aquiduana has been restarted as a tourist attraction since 2009. Also there is a network of tourist services in urban and rural areas which include hotels, restaurants, night clubs and other attractions.Furthermore, urban facilities were demanded by tourists so that since 1995, galvanicity has been available to remote rural areas. Most lodges started to install electric lighting, running water, air conditioning, cable television, internet and mini-refrigerators in the guest rooms and saunas and swimming pools for guests. Tourist facilities also include parking lots, public bathrooms, and access roads to lakes for recreation fishing so it allows tourists easy and safe access to natural attractions. Tourist experiences in Brazil ?performance experiencesMany international tourists vi sit Brazil to get virtuous tourist experience and to gaze the Brazils image through Carnival which is the best well-known festival in Brazil and has developed a national event of huge sizes. The country breaks for almost a week and events inclined to be intense, day and night, mainly in coastal cities. Carnival in Brazilian culture is considered as much more than a simple celebration. Delgado (2012) mentioned that it is one of the pieces that make up the Brazilian identity. To establish an identity is meaningful to Brazilian.It is through the difference with respect to each other that the idea of unity of the nation is built. Thus, the carnival is an element of polariation with respect to each other, divine service as a mark of a Brazilian. There was naturally basic characteristic change over time in terms of a traditional carnival however, the contact with tourists as well as the growing popularity of communication, technologies and globalization has accelerated the process. Ther e is plurality of identities, constructed by different social groups in different historical moments.Thus, similar to authentic identity, the original representations are built up and modified as changes social and historical moments. The importance for the Brazilian carnival is undeniable, most popular party in the country which is a place where the transgression is possible, the world of street is transformed temporarily into space. ?Photography Hillman (2007) defines that the photography generates and transmits images and tourist symbols such as sites, memorials and masterpieces and its important role is to construct and interpret the tourist destination image in special historic, social and cultural background.The use of postcards, tourist leaflets, and photographic evidence of journey by tourists is a way of justifying their journey and tourism experience through visual authentication. Also the expanding spaces of cameras and video increasingly are able to represent themselves both to tourist and academics. The best-known example is probably the Kayapo in Brazil. They were supplied with video cameras after work with visual anthropologists and Amazonian Indians in Kayapo are represented by broadcast (Crang 1997).The vivid images of life of Amazonian Indians makes people actually travel around the area. Then they will go back to home with the proof of travel to unlike and exotic places, and visual authentic verification that they were actually present in the location. ?Slum experience In Brazil, there is a special place where tourists can have a pass experience. The name of place is Rocinha which is the largest favela in Latin America, and is located in Rios South Zone. It has not been well-known since until slum tourism have become a recognized form of dark tourism.Ma (2010) contended that slum tourism provides a distinctive experience that todays traveler seeks meaning in their vacations and is wretched away from the trend of fun and pleasure. Freire ( 2008) commented that one of the most popular slum tour organizations is Favela Tours which has seen an average of 3,000 tourists per month for the past ten years. A total of 98% of its market is foreigners, a trend seen across all organized slum tours. Also, Frenzel & Koens (2012) mentions that more than 50,000 tourists participated in organized favela visits in Rio in 2011.And a number of tourists will probably growth with the coming FIFA World Cup in 2014 and Olympic Games in 2016. More recent year the favela tours are also offered in Sao Paulo and Salvador de Bahia. The gauge from Brazil indicates that slum tourism is already a highly professionalized business in the country. Apart from guided tours, the destination also offer elements of adventure tourism such as bicycle and motorbike tours, accommodation in the slum and specialized tours focusing on music, food or ecological aspects.Therefore, it is expected that slum tourism stimulate local entrepreneurship and local economic development, and support poverty alleviation. Impacts of tourism on tourists and the host society ?Impact of tourism on Brazilians The impacts of tourism on Brazilians can be both a positive and shun. Tourism has increasingly become a key economic activity for Brazilian. According to Puppim de Oliveira (2003) peculiarly Northeast region possesses a significant potential for the development of tourism such as a warm climate year round, cultural diversity and over 2. thousand kilometers of seashore with glossy beaches. Thus, tourism in this area improves the regional economy, attracting investments, creating jobs and generating income to diminish poverty. Similarly, tourism activities can bring positive externalities to society. For instance, the infrastructure for tourism can be used for other purposes as well. Airports can also be used by locals who want to travel.Roads can be used for transportation of local passengers, and agricultural or manufactured products. In the State of Bahia, Brazil, the paving of the touristic road connecting the small town of Itacare to the arger town of Ilheus allowed the creation of new bus lines. Before the construction, Itacare had only few bus routes so that there were always limited transportation options of the local population. The new road increased access by the local population to Ilheus for shopping, recreation and medical purpose. Therefore, it is clear that tourism industry can improve local economic and employment benefits. On the other hand, there is negative tourism impact on Brazilians. The local environment and society has a limited capacity to absorb and recover from impacts of tourism.If these impacts exceed the carrying capacity, their effects on the environment and local society can become permanent and cause serious environmental, social and cultural problems. Also uncontrolled competition within the tourism industry over environmental resources such as water, land, environmental amenities, can generate undesirable impact on the whole industry. An increasing demand for an attractive unexplored beach can produce a growing construction of hotels and houses at the sea side that can degenerate the primary environmental quality of the beach.This can also cause a series of environmental problems such as deforestation, air and water pollution, degeneration of the landscape, which can negatively affect the quality of tourism or even the whole tourism industry in a region. For example, the Pantanal wetlands face serious threats, including the rapid spread of intensive soy, cotton and sugarcane farming on Brazils central plains, which are the source of most of the Pantanals water. Furthermore, on Brazils coasts, growth of cities and growing tourism developments threaten many delicate coastal marine ecosystems (St Louis 2010).Thus, an uncontrolled growth of tourism in one region can potentially undermine its tourism by damaging its environmental or cultural resources, if proper intervention i s not in place. Conclusion ?What are the prospects for the future of Brazil as a tourist destination and what should be done to ensure a successful future for Brazil? As it mentioned above, there is no doubt that Brazilian tourism already shows a major role in the Brazilian economy and that it also represents a substitute for development.There is a constant development of infrastructural in tourism area based on exotic natural environment to attract tourists. Therefore, it is boosting a significant increase of a number of international tourists in Brazil. With 2014 Brazil world cup and 2016 Brazil Olympic, it is expected that tourism industry will be more developed and a number of tourists will be more visited ever before. However, unfortunately, Brazil is now also renowned for the destruction of its natural environment that all of its major ecosystems are threatened and over 200 animal species are endangered.Thus, the amount of protected territory continues to grow. At least 20 ne w national parks have been created since the late 1990s (St Louis 2010). Also, there is also another negative issue that the sexual exploitation of women and children has made a Brazil portrayed as a sexual playground (Bandyopadhyay & Nascimento 2010). Likewise, the countrys record as an erotic playground continues to attract the wrong type of tourist with special tour purpose. Thus, it is obvious that protecting Brazils natural wonders and ever-changing tourism image should be resolved as essential for Brazilian tourism future.To ensure successful future for Brazil, all stakeholders of Brazilian tourism including government should have an important role to play that not only ensures tourism development which minimizes harm to the ecology, but also provides an economic incentive which encourages preservation and protection. Brazilian tourism has the potential to be beneficial in the several sectors in national economic and local development however, the tourism also has the potenti al negative impacts such as some negative images and environmental issues.Thus, the tourism is needed several implications in order to be sustainable. Therefore, to improve Brazilian tourism, this report recommends that for the first time it should be enhanced a destinations competitiveness through the target markets awareness of the destination and through its positive image. Also, it should be developed a desirable plan to adopt a comprehensive approach which integrates tourism economic development, international or inter regional trade, social development and other marketing goals into an integrated strategy.Secondly, the environmental problems can be minimized by the governments which generate governmental environmental organizations and educate government officials in environmental issues, and enforce environmental regulations. Furthermore, it is important to control of development and tourist flow and creation of protected areas by Brazilian governments which are responsible f or creating protected areas for providing incentives for private actions towards environmental protection.

Comparing and contrasting Essay

One of the best methods to help us clarify our thoughts approximately a character, an event, a poem, a storynearly anythingis to compare and contrast. (To compare can mean to find similarities and differences. Coupled with contrast, however, to compare means to point come to the fore similarities, while to contrast means to point out differences.) Many of us, feeling weighted down by cares, have happened to see someone coping with a much greater burden or handicapand suddenly our problems receive insignificant in comparison. Seeing how our situation relates to anothers, we have gained perspective. The only management to have that perspective is by viewing things in relation to one anotherby comparing and contrasting. Considering two characters, for example, can help us mean more effectively about each. (Authors frequently invite such comparison by including a character foil in a storya character who serves to emphasize the attributes of another character because the two are so d ifferent.)Lets consider, specifically, Rainsford, the protagonist of Richard Connells story The Most Dangerous Game, and the nameless protagonist in Jack Londons To Build A Fire. How are the two men comparable? Each confronts a life-threatening situation. Rainsford is pursued by the fanatical Zaroff, and Londons protagonist combats the extreme c one-time(a) of theYukon. Each fights down panic and acts swiftly and decisively. Rainsford sets traps for his pursuers and finally tricks Zaroff the man in theYukon quick builds a fire after his feet are soaked. Each denies the suggestion of an acquaintance Rainsford governs Whitney that hunted creatures have no feelings, and Londons protagonist ignores the old-timers advice. And each man learns, as a result of his ordeal, that he has been wrong.On the other hand, the men are different in several ways. Londons protagonist does not have sufficient foresight to realize, in the first place, that he shouldnt be out alone in such cold, and se cond, that he shouldnt build his fire to a lower place a tree. He fails to overcome the crisis that he brings on himself, and as a result, he dies. Rainsford, however, fallsinto his ordeal instead by chance, by tumbling from the ship. He refuses to sacrifice his principles to extricate himself from the crisis he tells Zaroff that hunting men is murder pure and simple. Once he realizes the game he must play, he plays it with great cunning, and he triumphs.As illustrated in the two preceding divides, thither are two ways to pen a carve up of comparison or contrast. As in the first of the carve ups, we can shuttle back and forth A is similar to or different from B in one respect A is to B in a second respect A is to B in a third respect and so on. On the other hand, as in the second of the paragraphs, we can write in a block about one of the items under consideration (A) and then(prenominal) about the other (B). Neither way is better, though the shuttle method is a bit more dema nding since it requires that we have matching statements about the pair under consideration. Even if we use the block method, we should try to list corresponding details in the same order in both parts of the paragraph we likewise need to be sure to provide a link between our discussion of A and B. In any case, a well-organized comparison, whether focusing on literature or something else, is a powerful way to illuminate both the items that we are considering.An Addendum to Jim Stovers Discussion about Comparisons (Bob Fulton)Sometimes it is helpful to indicate to your reviewer what you feel is more significant, the similarities you have discovered between the two things you are comparing or their differences. Consider now two other fictional characters, Goodman embrown from Hawthornes story Young Goodman Brown and the narrator from Poes story The Tell-Tale Heart. After you have listed as many similarities and differences as you can in preparing to write a comparison paragraph bet ween these two characters, you may decide that the differences you have found are far less significant or kindle than the similarities. Because you are developing a comparison, you are obliged to acknowledge that there are, indeed, differences between Goodman Brown and Poes narrator. (If you were to focus exclusively on the similarities these characters share, your reader might suppose that you had entirely overlooked their differences and that, as a consequence, your essay or paragraph mustbe flawed and therefore without merit.) But you also loss to make clear to the reader your sense that the similarities outweigh the differences. Whats the solution? Here is a suggestion.Start your paragraph with a exit sentenceAlthough there are striking differences between Goodman Brown, the central character of Nathaniel Hawthornes story Young Goodman Brown, and the narrator of Edgar Allen Poes story The Tell-Tale Heart, the similarities between these two figures suggest a central point abo ut protagonists in nineteenth-century American fiction they tend to isolate themselves from others through their obsessive styles.Then go on to introduce differencesAt first inspection, Goodman Brown and Poes narrator appear to be quite unlike each other. The narrative I of The Tell-Tale Heart is a crazed manslayer with no apparent friends or acquaintances other than the old man he kills and butchers. Goodman Brown, by contrast, is a member of the community, married, with children, and, at his worst, a silent grouch. Murder never crosses his mind. The narrative I of Poes story seems eager to share the fact of his murderous crime with the police who come to his apartment, whereas Goodman Brown has no desire to tell anyone in his village what he thought he saw and did on the night he ventured into the woods.Now get to the central issue, how these two characters share truly important similaritiesNevertheless, these two characters are twin brothers at heart. Each is desperately conce rned with sin and evil. Poes narrative I cannot resist the pull which draws him to the old mans bedroom. He cannot resist the urge to illuminate the vulture eye. Likewise, Goodman Brown will not put off his journey into the woods, even though his wife of three months begs him to remain at home. He must press on to face wickedness itself. The behavior of each is absolutely determined by this concern to uncover themystery of evil and deal with it. And this obsession isolates Poes narrative I and Hawthornes Goodman Brown from their fellow creatures. In their obsessive behavior these characters are linked with other figures in nineteenth-century American fictionCaptain Ahab, for instance, in Herman Melvilles Moby-Dick, Bartelby in Melvilles Bartleby the Scrivener, Natty Bumppo in James Fenimore coopers Leatherstocking novels, and Arthur Dimmesdale in Hawthornes novel The Scarlet Letter.If you were to write an essay comparing these two stories, the topic sentence I have written for the paragraph above would serve as your thesis statement for the comparison essay. Put your thesis statement at the top of your introductory paragraphthats right, the thesis statement is your first sentencethen go on to write a topic sentence for each of the paragraphs in the physical structure of your essay. These topic sentences become the second, third, fourth, etc., sentences of your introductory paragraph In the last sentence of the introduction, sow a seed for the final paragraph of your essay, a so-what? paragraph. This paragraph IS NOT A CONCLUSION. Instead, it answers the headland So what? Imagine someone asking you to explain why you wrote the comparison you did. Your response is to put your analysis in a context. Using the above example, I might say In their obsessive behavior these characters are linked with other figures in nineteenth-century American fictionCaptain Ahab, for instance, in Herman Melvilles Moby-Dick, Bartelby in Melvilles Bartleby the Scrivener, Natty Bum ppo in James Fenimore Coopers Leatherstocking novels, and Arthur Dimmesdale in Hawthornes novel The Scarlet Letter.To avoid repetition, when you write the body paragraphs, paraphrase the topic sentences which you have already placed in your introduction to avoid repeating them verbatim in the body of your essay. Each of these paraphrased topic sentences should govern what goes into their paragraphs in the body of the paper. Likewise, when you come to the so-what? paragraph, paraphrase the seed sentence you wrote at the end of your introductory paragraph. This paraphrase of the seed sentence is the focus of your essays final paragraph, the paragraph which answers the question So what? You should not be surprised if this final paragraph is longer and moredetailed than any of the body paragraphs. After all, it is meant to open up for your reader a wider perspective than the body of your essay can provide.

Twist and Shout

The way companies are now packaging their products, entertains me think, their ideas must have come straight from the mind of a second seduce twelve year old. A senior with arthritis the person for whom the drug was bottled, needs to have a pair of pliers, a flat head screwdriver, and plenty of pass to open a bottle of pain medication. By the way, shouldnt that be anti-pain medicine? But then why do we c wholly the little candies that informality our cough, cough drops and non, anti-cough drops? Getting back to safe caps on medicine bottles, It is next to impossible to open unity of those lids.One medicine bottle says, follow the arrows to open, advertize down and turn. This sounds easy enough if you are strengthened standardized Arnold Schwarzenegger. The problem with easy open bottles is the person in need of the medication is probably built more like Kermit the frog with Typhoid Fever. Its ridiculous when you need to purchase TNT to blow by the cap of the pain medicatio n container. The safety cap is designed to keep kids from opening the bottle and swallowing the meds. The problem is a child can open them much easier than a senior citizen under the lift out of conditions.I can see it now. Grampa, give me the bottle, Ill open it for you. But, you are only five and this cap is attached to the bottle with super glue. I underwrite you the five year old will have that top off before you can pronounce the name of the medication. The list of side effects on some of these meds is multitudinous. These bottles site every contraindication known to man, including, the inability to move, or think clearly, which may provoke, one to think maybe it would be better if I position down and died.This medication, the label states, may take in dizziness, light headedness, Vertigo, cramps, diarrhea, constipation, headaches, ear aches, Gingivitis, Gout, fainting spells, stomach pains, thoughts of suicide, and even death. For goodness sake, Im only taking it for a h eadache, not preparing for cremation. I guess we cant blame the drug companies for listing everything that can happen to a person if they take their medicine. People today, through all media, are urged to sue for everything. The advent of television advertising has branched out in these last few years allowing lawyers to advertise their services.Television advertising has last a haven for ambulance chasers and their ilk. I heard the story of a man who sued a motor coach comp both for damages caused when his vehicle crashed. He claimed he was driving down a stretch of road, in his new motor coach, when he decided hed go back to the kitchen area and brew a pot of coffee. He put the vehicle on cruise control. The coach crashed, and he was injured, the vehicle demolished. He sued the company for not writing in their brochures that you couldnt leave the drivers seat while the vehicle was in motion.He won the case and was awarded a sum of money and a new coach. You are advised to think b efore you buy any product, take aim the label However, the print is so smooth, you need a magnifying glass the size of it of a manhole cover to read the instructions on the bottle. Some meds have the side effects written on four sheets of paper inside the incase in which the medicine came. All of this inane nonsense is due to sue happy spate looking to make a quick buck. Some people play the lottery while others sue companies the odds in winning are about the same.If you do win in court, the attorney takes his share off the top, probably around sixty percent, and you get the rest after court costs and taxes. Dont give up your day job. Oh, not you, Im talking to you, the plaintiff, not your lawyer. Mr Attorney, you are doing just fine in the finance department. That ad on TV has really paid off, hasnt it? hithers my idea for packaging medicine. Put a paper seal on the medicine bottle with a written three number statute (not in succession). Break the seal, dial the number and op en the bottle. As for side effects simply write Take at your own risk, may cause a myriad of diseases and possibly death.Talk to your physician. Dont sue us, we told you what could happen. As for manufacturers of motor coaches, all they need to write is Hey stupid if you want a cup of coffee stop at a roadside diner. This is one I love as I recall going to the drug gunstock for my mother. She had, over the years, adopted a poor sleeping habit, and needed a medication to help her sleep. As the pharmacist passed me the bottle of sleeping medication, I read the label that had been attached to the little brown bottle. It read may cause dizziness, restlessness, insomnia and drowsiness. If it causes insomnia, why would anyone want to use the drug in the first place? And one can only hope it does cause drowsiness, after all, thats why you bought it in the first place, isnt it? There are other stumbling blocks to the senior people with a skull and crossbones emblem emblazoned on the labe l a universal sign denoting it is a dangerous material. We should look under the emblem, thither we will find, in small print, for external use only. What makes the manufacturer of a product with enough chemicals to start World War III write for external use only on their bottle.Are they afraid someone is going to use it as a mixer at their cocktail party? If its ammonia, you wont be commensurate to get it past your nose in the first place. Speaking of dangerous things. How many of you have swallowed a capful of mouthwash? Did you know it is unhealthy? The label says do not swallow. Why on earth are you gargling with a product, that if you swallow it by mistake it could kill you, or at the very least make you sick? Thats like putting dynamite, on which is written, beware dangerous material, in your back pocket and then backing up to a campfire to immediate your backsides.Its the same thing you know too close for comfort either way. What makes a citizen a senior? Answer age. Thoug h some of us dont want people to know we are getting along in years, the wrinkles belie our vanity. Face lifts make the recipient look like a monster out of a 1950s horror movie. I am not ashamed I have made it to three accommodate of a century. I thank God my eyes are still the same color as they were when I was twenty, only slightly dimmer. The hair on my head is moving south at a quickening pace, but it has only transferred from the top of my head to my ears and nose.I cant run any more my walking pace has slowed almost to a crawl, but inside I am still twenty years old. Until I was forty I didnt know what a doctor was, or what they did for work. After I had reached fifty, I was asked to become an associate member of the American Medical Associations Whos Who of most frequent doctors visits list. My mind hasnt grasped the fact my body has aged. It says to me at times get up go for a four mile run, come home take a shower, ride a bike for sixty minutes, eat lunch, skip rope and c limb a small mountain.My body answers for me you have got to be kidding me. There are two fellows whose job it is to see that I remain idle The Ritis Brothers, of which Artha is the outspoken one, and then there is always Mr Meniere. Mr Menieres contribution affects my inner ear my balance. I reel like a drunken pirate with a pine log nab leg teetering back and forth with a dizzying gait But I guess old age is the better of the two alternatives I always say. As long as you are able to get up in the morning and get out of bed you are still this side of the dirt.I have God to thank for my being able to get up in the morning, for it is by His grace that I live and move, and have my being. Without His help, I would be nothing but dust and dirt, present, but useless to anyone or anything. These are the golden years, and gold does not tarnish it is always bright and shiny. Our smiles should be the coefficient of reflection of our souls. As the little girl said to the grumpy old church deacon. Are you happy to be a Christian? He replied, yes I am. therefore tell your face.

Personal Philosophy of Nursing Essay

My ism in nursing is the devotion to behave the utmost individual(prenominal) diligent c are I am capable of delivering to the ill, may it be physically, mentally, or emotional, as easily as to the challenged in cadence of need. In order to define my philosophy of nursing, I had to take time out and re-examine my take account system, and my beliefs. As I think about it I know I am a caring and compassionate nurse. I reminisced back to the late 70s, my upbringing in foreign countries and having been exposed to diverse cultures, I quickly learned to revert back to the customs instilled in me by my parents and family. My mores and values of caring with my dedication indeed make a difference.With this valued exposure in my young life, these core values of nursing the beliefs instilled in me were defined by family and friends and peers and my personal as fountainhead as professional growth which made me the person I am today. Chitty defines philosophy as philosophy is the study of principles underlying conduct, thought, and the nature of the universe (p. 31), and Merriam-Webster more cl primordial defines states pursuit of wisdom, the search for a habitual understanding of values and reality by chiefly speculative rather the observational needs (online dictionary). Thats me.I strongly belief in modern medicine and the advancements in technology, therefore it is crucial for me to wield up on current trends, translate procedures, the use of new equipment and what to expect for my forbearings. I respect the forbearings autonomy and their ethical behaviors. With empathy and care, I am their advocate I am their voice when he/she is unable to speak, it is my therapeutic touch they feel and I am part of their treatment team. It is my commitment to my enduring, to the organization, and my value system.I believe in the mandatory continuing education process for nurses. In order to deliver proficient patient care it is of utmost importance to me in order to remain educated on current research and trends. Keeping up with federal regulations on HIPAA gives me the power to educate my patient and to go over them that their privacy is protected and secured. The updates from the Center of Disease Control allow me to deliver the appropriate care patient specific and as well as protect my self from exposures. I am able to explicate to my patient why I am wearing a mask, a gown, or why I am red-bagging allhis linens. The patient does indeed ask silent questions being observant by their facial expressions I can be honest and educated with my rationales.I also belief in holistic nursing encompassing, and nourishing the whole person, that is the body, mind and spirit (Chitty, 2007, p 312) as well as in holistic medicine nontraditional forms of medicine that consider the whole person rather the disease or groups of diseased organs, it also considers the body, mind, emotion, spirit connection (Powell, p 504). It is my responsibility in incorporate gaine d knowledge, skills, and resources to improve my patients quality of life.I strongly feel and believe that every person should be cover under universal Health Care. However, Governmental constraints along with guidelines and monetary reimbursements do not allow for additional hospital stays. I am the advocate for my patient, and as a Case Manager, I exit recite that to find assistance for the patient to have someone caring for him/her at home due to early discharge. We, society, neglect to accept the reality that our patient population is getting older and their healthcare needs are more serious and demanding.I realize that professional nursing draws upon the related disciplines of natural and social sciences and humanities, and it is my voice as a nurse to the best of my abilities to facilitate maximum functional health status for my patient by collaborating with the treatment team, families, groups and the community. It is my duty and commitment as a nurse to uphold my philoso phy of nursing. I continue to evaluate my mores and values and seek to continue my education, I will advocate for my patient. I will continue to care for myself, to adhere to healthy lifestyle practices and to maintain my physical, mental and emotional health in order to continue to provide care to my patients with dignity and respect.ReferencesChitty, K.K. (2007). Professional Nursing Concepts & Challenges (5th ed.). St. Louis ElsevierInc. Retrieved October 3, 2008 from University of Phoenix Library.Philosophy (2008). In Merriam-Webster online Dictionary.Retrieved October 2, 2008, from http///www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/philosophyPowell, S.K. (2000) Nursing Case Management A practical guide to success in managed care(2nd ed.), Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Personal Financial Advisors Essay

I want to live the costly life. By that I mean a life of wealth, privilege, loving family relationships, and quick friendships. At the end of my life I get out be satisfied if my spouse and children ar windlessness by my side and if I submit a close circle of friends. I in ten-spotd to profit a look at of money and I intend to go by generously to charity. To achieve this, I pauperization time and money. I intend to marry and arouse three children. My spouse and I, who are still turbulently in love with wholly(prenominal) other, are building an art collection. Both sets of grandparents live no more(prenominal) than an hour a g overnment agency.We visit frequently and the kids adore them. I own my own hedging pedigree and make believe $25 million a course of study. My spouse owns a businessmaybe an art gallery or a professional practice. We live in a spacious penthouse apartment, in all probability in untested York. We cede floor to ceiling windows, views in e genu inely direction, a clean, sleek, modern decor, with lots of space for entertaining, which we do frequently. The kids each control their own bedrooms and share a blowoutroom. We have a live-in nanny for the kids, a live-in cook, and help with the cleaning. We have a beach house, probably in South Hampton. We go there most weekends by helicopter.We all have busy lives so the quality time we spend together on the weekends is incredibly strategic to us. We take exotic vacations two times a year as a familyusually involving most kind of adventure travel pertaining to my love for scuba diving and for studying the ecology of coral reefs. erstwhile a year my spouse and I go some place romantic on vacation together. Each year I take a vacation with one of the kids, just the two of us. The kids go to slap-up schools with subaltern classes and a progressive curriculum that lets them follow their own interests there is no teaching method for the exams in this school.The kids are learni ng to ride, and to play tennis, squash, and polo. I play these sports regularly. I have a lot of physical energy so I run or bike each day. I withal work out every day in the gym in our apartment. I have addicted up smoking. My spouse and I are active in charity work. We are each on the board of a prestigious charity and when we go to their annual fundraising events we get our pictures in the gossip columns. We give 10% of our income to charity each year. I am a member of the Explorers ordination because I have contri besidesed some social occasion classic to the scientific study of coral reefs.I spent a year studying the coral reefs in the Similan Islands in Thailand before starting my career. While there, I also study Vipassna meditation, which I still practice. I am confident and gregarious. I dont sweat the small stuff. I plan for the future and I work my plan, that I am flexible copious to enjoy surprising opportunities when they come along. 2. Career goals My long-term career goal is to own my own dip fund and earn at least $25 million a year. The top hedge fund owners stinker earn considerably more than this (Story B1).To achieve this I need three things proven achievement at investing (or the skill to hire someone with skill at investing), connections to the kind of wealthy investors who site their money in hedge funds, and the ability to convince potential thickenings to trust me with their money. 3. A strategical innovation for My Future I have four major goals to stop smoking, to learn more about coral reefs, to start a hedge fund, and to find the right spouse and start a family. I stand quit smoking this year. I have decided to join a smoking cessation architectural plan at a local hospital this summer.I have consulted with my doctor and he thinks this is a good option for me. I am determined to succeed. I dont know how long, or if, I volition, as a devoted amateur, ever be able to make a scientific stripping signifi plundert to earn me admittance into the Explorers Club, but I intend to proceed as though this is possible (Explorers Club). So far, my experience with scuba diving and studying coral reefs has unless been as a tourist and an avid reader. I would very much like to participate in a real scientific search expedition.One of the worlds leading organizations for research into the ecology of coral reefs is the ARC Center for Excellence in Coral Reef Studies at James nominate University in Townsville, Australia (ARC Center of Excellence). My plan is to contact the scientists at the Center to learn what kind of opportunities there are for amateurs to participate in research projects. I am also considering participating in a research expedition, sponsored by the Earthwatch Institute, to Thailands coral reefs in December 2009 (Earthwatch Institute). I have another motive for doing this, which is that I can imagine abideing my future spouse on such an excursion.I would like to represent someone with whom I have interests in common. I think it will take me ten days to get the experience and contacts I need to start a hedge fund. I would like to learner myself to a leading hedge fund operator such as James Simons of Renaissance Technologies, whoremonger Paulson, or John Arnold of Centaurus Energy (Story B2). I am move an education in finance. I have also been studying investment methods and I seem to have an affinity for technical analysis. I am managing a fictional portfolio as if it were real remainsing trades and so forthand I am doing clean well.I am planning to join the Marketing Technicans Association and to earn the CMT credential. This involves a course of self-study and divergence three challenging exams (Marketing Technicans Association). Preparing for all three tests is said to take a total of cd hours of study (Marketing Technicians Association). I also intend to be active in the associationto meet others in the field and hopefully to network my way into a job in finance. As everyone knows, this is not an suppositionl time to be looking for a job in finance. The sector has cut 400,000 jobs in the past two years (Bowley & Story).I plan on being persistent. To start a hedge fund, I will need clients. To find them, I need to go where rich hatful and masses who manage portfolios for large institutions go. I plan to be active in fundraising for our alumna association. I play squash and tennis. I plan to learn to play polo, an expensive sport. I also plan to be active in several charitable organizations. I hope this networking will put me in conform to with the right masses. Salesmanship is very important in the hedge fund business. Why should a potential client trust me with their money?I intend to build a reputation as an ethical, dependable, solid person. battalion will trust me because I will be trustworthy. This may sound obvious, but one thing that is sorely missing right now in the financial community is trust. Too many plurality have been too badly burned by the people they trusted to give them financial advice. believably the goal that matters most to me is meeting a life partner. I hope I can do this in the next five years. I know how to meet peoplethats easy. But what I want to do is form strong, lasting relationships based on honestly knowing each other.The trump way for me to do that is to be considerate and honest. In the past I have noticed in myself a tendency to play to the crowd. I will do what is necessary to get a gag or to make someone like me, even if it means saying something about my thoughts, feelings, or opinions that isnt really true. This is not going to work when it comes to finding a life partner. I need to be funny, considerate and honest at the same time. I am somewhat afraid of doing this. 4. A Strategic Plan B for My Future What if my plans dont work out? I find this very hard to imagine.If I put myself in the right place, frequently enough, I know something good will happen, ev en if it isnt exactly what I have in mind now. There are incessantly options. I intend to follow my heart so I make the right choices. Suppose I cant get a job in finance when I want to? I will probably consider going to work for one of the government regulatory agencies they will probably be hiring. The Financial Indus distort Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is one possibility, e surplusly since the CMT credential takes me part of the way towards the FINRA Registered Research Analyst credential (Marketing Technicians Association).This would open more doors. I am very ambitious, but if ten years pass and my dream of starting a hedge fund begins to look like an unsufferable goal, I will probably consider starting my own personal financial advisor practice. The breast of Labor Statistics is forecasting that demand for personal financial advisors will increase by 44% over the next seven years (Bureau of Labor Statistics). I am very interested in the idea of starting my own business, ev en if it cant be a hedge fund. Right now, I cant say what other kind of company I might start but it could be anything. I believe that I have to put myself in the way of opportunities.I will do this by becoming an avid watcher of the economy and an avid investigator of business conditions. I know what I am looking for a product or service that is necessary and nonexistent. This is how the great fortunes are made. In a general sense, I am most interested in ship canal in which the internet can be used to deliver new services. Netflix is an inspiration. The question to ask is how could work out and networking be applied to get people this service. If you are talking about a service or product that can be delivered globally over the internet, so much the better. Amazon changed the way people shop for books.Fresh Direct has changed the way New Yorkers shop for groceries. Seamless Web has changed the way people order meals in from restaurants. I see the world as being endlessly full of possibilities. I know my dream is of extreme wealth and privilege. Maybe it is more of a fantasy than something that can be planned for. But I know all the steps I take in pursuing my dreamnetworking, CMT certification, building a reputation as trustworthywill open opportunities for me. I cant know what these opportunities are in advance. My plan B really is much more strategic than tactical. My plan A is tactical.But for plan B I intend to do things that I am really interested in, to take advantage of all opportunities to meet others with similar interests, especially those with a track record of achievement, and to continue studying and learning. There will be opportunities and I will have my eye open so I can see them. The CMT isnt the only certification I can pursue it is just the one that interests me the most right now. The CFA Institute offers the CFA certification which is one of the most prestigious on Wall Street (CFA Institute). This is another course of self-study follow ed punctuated by three exams (CFA Institute).The more I try to make a plan for the future, the more convinced I become that preparation is the most important thing I can do. This is regarding my love life, my family life, my interest in coral reefs, and my career. If I study and if I seek out other people, I will discover opportunities. You cant study for love, but you can understand yourself and what you desire. The more I learn about who I am and what I have to give to a life partner, the more likely I will be to find that special someone. I want intimacy, depth, and trust. I want to know and be known as much as possible. I dont want secrets and I dont want lies.I am convinced that the only way I will find a person who wants what I do, and with me, is if I give these things first. Works Cited ARC Centre of Excellence. Coral Reefs on Brink of Disaster, Scientists Urge Action Now. attainment Daily. 22 October 2007. 28 April 2009 . Bowley, G. & Story, S. Crisis Altering Wall Street as Big Banks Lose outmatch Talent. The New York Times. 12 April 2009. 27 April 2009 . Bureau of Labor Statistics. Financial Analysts and Personal Financial Advisors. Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2008-2009 Edition. 27 April 2009 . CFA Institute. What Is the CFA Program? 28 April 2009 . Coral Reefs of Thailand. Earthwatch Institute. 28 April 2009 . Explorers Club. 28 April 2009 . Marketing Technicians Association. CMT Program. 28 April 2009 . Story, Louise. March, 25, 2009. Top Hedge Fund Managers Do Well in a Down Year. New York Times, p. B1.

Fitzgerald’s use of diction in The Great Gatsby Essay

The Great Gatsby, write by F. Scott Fitzgerald, functions a specific choice of lyric poem along with selection of detail to develop the characters of tom turkey Buchanan and myrtle Wilson. This essay will cite specific examples that correspond to Fitzgeralds use of choice of words and details.Although this expiration does not emphasize on tomcat Buchanan, his character is developed through the use of literary techniques. tomcats character speaks three times during the course of this scene, and all three times his words crystalize him sound as if he is superior to every genius. Its a bitch, said tomcat decisively. Heres your money. Go and buy ten more domestic dogs with it. (Page 28) In this quote, choice of words and a specific choice of words is apparent through the use of the word decisively. Using this word creates the feeling that Tom is authoritative and commanding. This course credit also serves as an example of Toms mannerisms throughout the novel. He speaks to an e lderly person with disdain by telling him that he is wrong and that he should buy ten more dogs with the money he gives him.A parallel can also be drawn between myrtle and the dog in that he looks at the dog in the same degree of importance as Myrtle. Toms lack of patience can also be seen in his retort to the old mans answer. Another citation, which serves to magnify Toms superiority over others in the novel, is when Nick tries to leave Tom and Myrtle. No you dont, Tom interposed quickly. Myrtlell be hurt if you dont come up to the apartment. Wont you, Myrtle? (Page 28) Yet again, this citation serves to demonstrate Toms commanding personality. to a greater extent specifically, he answers for Myrtle as if she couldnt have answered herself.As a result of Fitzgeralds impelling use of diction and word choice, the passage is able to effectively develop Toms character. Toms domineering and forceful persona is further enhanced in this passage through the consequence of his gestures an d dialogue. Although Tom does not play a major role in the selected passage, his persona is greatly determine through the authors use of language.Much of this chapter is dedicated to the augmentation of Myrtles character. The author uses imagery, dialogue, and diction to create her personality. The use of imagery is seen in the beginning of the passage She had changed her dress to a brown pass judgment muslin, which stretched tight over her rather wide hips(Page 26) Myrtles actions also have a herd to say about her character. An example was when she let four taxicabs drive away before she selected a tonic one. (Page 27) This type of behavior serves to contrast her true life-style of being married to a poor and grueling working garage man. Is it a boy or a girl? she asked delicately. (Page 28) This citation from the passage builds onto Myrtles sensitive side. It also shows that she cares about the unimportant sides to life and is very materialistic.Mrs. Wilson gathered up her d og and other purchases, and went haughtily in. (Page 28) This quote, along with many others made in this selection make great use of adverbs to create the character of Mrs. Wilson. The use of the word haughtily adds to the imperious character that she displays. This again contrasts her true lifestyle and emphasizes her dual personality. Other adverbs that were used in this passage to characterize Myrtle were eagerly, enthusiastically, delicately, and earnestly. All of these adverbs in one sense or another characterize Mrs. Wilsons actions and character. Accordingly, the authors language uses imagery, adverbs, and actions that create her arrogant and contrasting personality.In conclusion, F. Scott Fitzgerald effectively employed diction and selection of detail to develop the characters of Tom Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson. He did this by using various literary techniques and parts of speech to emphasize the characters personality. For example, he uses imagery, irony, adverbs, dialogue, actions, adjectives, and mannerisms to bring out the arrogance of Myrtle and indifference of Tom Buchanan. Thus, the author properly uses diction and selection of detail to serve the purpose of developing the characters of Mrs. Wilson and Tom Buchanan.

Case of Ge Growth

CHRISTOPHER A. BARTLETT GEs increment system The Immelt Initiative Yet, for the past year GEs serving harm had been stuck at around $35, implying a multiple of around 20 successions requital, notwithstanding half its price-to- boodle (P/E) symmetry in the heady long time of 2000. (See present 2 for GEs 10-year share price history. ) It baffle Immelt that the securities attention did non seem to share the belief that he and his authority aggroup had in his ontogeny forecasts. The derivation is currently trading at atomic number 53 of the lowest meshing multiples in a decade, he said. Investors decide the stock price, but we love the way GE is positi 1d.We absorb right(a) results and good governance. . . . What get let out it carry on to move the stock? 1 Taking Charge Setting the Agenda On Friday, family 7, 2001, Immelt took over the reins of GE from Jack Welch, the nearlegendary chief operate(a) officer who preceded him. Four days later, two planes crashed into the World Trade content towers, and the world was thrown into turmoil. Not yet did 9/11 destabilize an already fragile postInternet-bubble stock market, but it excessively triggered a popturn in an overheated economy, leading to a f either in confidence that soon spread into other economies worldwide.Do No After the chaos of the first few post-9/11 days during which he checked on GE casualties, true a $10 trillion donation to the families of rescue workers, and dispatched mobile generators and medical equipment to the World Trade Center, on September 18 Immelt at last center on reassuring the fiscal markets by purchasing 25,000 GE shares on his personal account. Three days later, he appeared onward a group of financial analysts and promised that 2001 dough would make maturate by 11% and by double digits again in 2002.As im coerceive as such a performance great power hurl appeared, it was less than Welchs expansive suggestion in the heady days of 2000 that GEs reachs could enkindle at 18% per annum in the future. 2 The net result was that by the end of Immelts first week as chief executive officer, GEs shares had dropped 20%, winning almost $80 cardinal off the keep federations market capitalization. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Professor Christopher A.Bartlett prepared this case from published sources. HBS cases are real solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of capital data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request license to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http//www. hbsp. harvard. edu.No part of this outcome may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, uptaked in a spread planing machine, or catching i n any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the leave of Harvard Business School. This document is certain for phthisis solely by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until horrible 2009. write or bankers bill is an infringement of copyright. emailsaved harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. tC op yo In February 2006, after quaternary and a half years in the CEO role, Jeff Immelt felt General Electric (GE) was finally poised for the double-digit fruit for which he had been positioning it.Having dear announced an 11% increase in taxs for 2005 (including 8% innate result), he was in a flash forecasting a tho 10% tax income increase in 2006. And following 12% growth in earnings from chronic trading operations in 2005 (with all six vocationes carry doneing double-digit increases), he committed to leveraging the 2006 revenues into an even keen 12% to 17% earnings increase. It was a bold pledge for a $150 one gazillion million globular cor poration. (See Exhibit 1 for GE financial data, 20012004. ) rP os t 9-306-087 REV NOVEMBER 3, 2006 306-087GEs outgrowth schema The Immelt Initiative To make matters worse, as the year wore on, a s sensdal that had been engulfing Enron finally led to that confederations bankruptcy. Soon, other companies were caught up in accusations of financial manipulation, including Tyco, a company that had billed itself as a mini GE. Again, the market punished GE stock, forethoughted that its astronomic and complex operations were too difficult to rede. beyond all this immediate market pressure, Immelt was acutely aware that he stood in the very long wickedness cast by his predecessor, Welch.During his 20 years as CEO, Welch had built GE into a highly train, highly efficient machine that delivered ordered growth in sales and earningsnot solely done effective operations management that resulted in organic growth (much of it productivity- letn) of 5% yearbookly, but to a fault with a co ntinuous stream of timely acquisitions and clever deal making. This two-pronged access had resulted in double-digit profit increases finished and through most of the 1990s. Building on the Past, Imagining the FutureImmelt committed to building on what he see as the philia elements of the companys past success a portfolio of rigid traffices, bound through a manage of companywide strategic initiatives and managed by swell people in a culture that was performance driven and adaptive. It was a source of competitive advantage that Immelt felt was not easily imitated. It requires financial and cultural committednesss over decades, he said. Having committed to GEs fundamental descent model, Immelt wasted little time in articulating a tonic vision of growth based on using GEs size and assortment as facultys rather than weaknesses.He commanded to take the company into prodigious, fundamental high-engineering al-Qaida industries, places where he felt GE could have competitive advantage and where others could not easily follow. He elaborated this into a vision of a global, technology-based, proceeds-intensive company by defining a growth schema based on quint lynchpin elements 2 This document is veritable for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until high-minded 2009. write or bank bill is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. Do No Our aires are closely integrated.They share leading edge agate line initiatives, excellent financial disciplines, a tradition of share natural endowment and better practices, and a culture whose hind end is absolute unyielding integrity. Without these stiff ties, we could actually merit the label conglomerate that people ofttimes inaccurately apply to us. That condition right does not apply to GE. . . . What we have is a company of different benefits whose nerve center is truly greater than the parts a company executing with excellence despite a venomous global economy. . . . We believe GE is different, and one of the things that makes us different is that in good times and in toughwe deliver.That is who we are. 4 tC While recognizing the indigence for change, Immelt saw little need to c signenge the grassroots business model on which GE had operated for decades. Like his predecessor, he bristled at the characterization of GE as a conglomerate, preferring to see it as a well-integrated, diversified company. On fetching charge, he explained op yo The consistent reliability of GEs growth had created an image in shareholders minds of a powerful machine that could not be stopped and earned the company a significant premium over price/earnings multiples in the roomy stock market.As a result, over two decades, GE had generated a compound yearbook total return to shareholders of more than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than 23% per annum through the 1980s and 1990s. (See Exhibit 3 for summary GE financials, 19812000. ) entirely Im melt was very conscious that he could not hope to replicate that performance by solely inveterate the same strategy. I looked at the world post-9/11 and realized that over the contiguous 10 or 20 years, there was not going to be much tailwind, he said. It would be more driven by innovation, and a premium would be placed on companies that could generate their own growth. 3 rP os t GEs growth scheme The Immelt Initiative 306-087 Technical leadership accept that technology had been at GEs core since the day Thomas Edison founded the company, Immelt committed to technical leadership as a key driver of future growth. Services acceleration By building service businesses on its long installed base of aircraft engines, power turbines, locomotive engines, medical devices, and other hardware, Immelt believed GE could better serve customers darn generating high margins and raising entry barriers.Commercial excellence Reflecting his own sales and marketing background, Immelt committed to creating a first commercial culture to overlay the engineering bias and financial orientation of GEs ascendant business approach below Welch. issue weapons platforms Finally, he recognized that significant resource reallocation would be necessary to build advanced business platforms capitalizing on unstopp adequate to(p) trends that would provide growth into the future.Because plans at GE always came with measurable goals attached, Immelt committed to increasing the companys organic growth from its historical 5% annual rate to 8% and, beginning in 2005, to generating consistent double-digit earnings growth. Investing through the downwards Cycle Do No Within weeks of taking charge, he started making significant investments to align GEs businesses for growth. Seeing opportunities to expand its NBC broadcast business to capture the fast-growing Hispanic advertising market, for employment, the company acquired the Telemundo and Bravo networks.And its power-generation busi ness acquired Enrons wind energy business as a sweet platform that management felt was positioned for long-term growth and high returns in the future. In addition to these and other cancel business extensions, management identify whole new segments that provided a stronger foundation for innovation and where future market opportunities would drive rapid growth. For example, in security systems, GE acquired Interlogix, a medium-sized player with excellent technology, and in pee services, it bought BetzDearborn, a leading company with 2,000 sales engineers on the ground.Internally, Immelt also lost little time in making big financial commitments to the growth strategy. Within his first six months, he committed $century million to upgrade GEs major look and enlargement (R&D) facility at Nishayuna in upstate radical York. In addition to building new laboratories, the investment provided for new meeting centers on Nishayunas 525-acre campus, creating an environment where business ma nagers and technologists could meet to discuss priorities. 3 This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. copy or broadsheet is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. du or 617. 783. 7860. tC Perhaps predictably, the press was s unploughedical of the notion that a $130 trillion company could grow at two to trinity times the global gross national product (GNP) rate. Still, there was no shortage of advice for the new CEO in his attempt to make the company do so. Some suggested he should sell off the advanced lighting and appliances businesses. 5 Others proposed bold expansionsinto the hospital business, for example. 6 And as always, there were calls for GE to burst up the company and sell off its component businesses. 7 provided Immelt insisted GE had great businesses that provided a strong foundation for the future.All he planned to do was rebalance and renew the portfolio, and then drive growth from the revitalized base. op yo globalisation Building on an old Welch initiative, Immelt committed to expanding GEs sourcing strategy and market access worldwide, in particular focusing on its underexploited opportunities in developing world countries such as China and India. rP os t 306-087 GEs Growth Strategy The Immelt Initiative Scott Donnelly, a 40-year-old researcher who led GEs overall R&D activity, said, GE is not the place for scientists who extremity to work on a concept for years without anybody bothering them.Here scientists can do long-term research, but they have to be spontaneous to spar with the marketing guys. This is the best of both worlds. 8 Beyond its historic Nishayuna R&D facility, in 2000 the company had established a center in Bangalore, India. To build on that global expansion, in 2002 Immelt authorized the construction of a new facility in affect, China. And as the year wore on, he began talking some adding a fourth global facility, probably in Europe. a Despite the slowing econo my, he upped the R&D budget from $286 million in 2000 to $327 million in 2002.When asked about this increase in expending during such a difficult time for the company, he said, Organic growth is the driver. Acquisitions are secondary to thatI cant see us go out and wear a start-up $100 million for technology that, if we had just spent $2 million a year for 10 years, we couldve done a better telephone circuit at. I hate that, I just hate that. 10 Reflecting on his panoptic investments in 2002, a year in which the stock dropped a further 39% from its 2001 close, Immelt said monetary strength gives us the ability to invest in growth and we have viewed this economic cycle as a time to invest.Weve increase the emergence of engineers, salespeople, and service resources. We forget invest more than $3 jillion in technology, including major investments in our global resource centers. Weve strengthened our commitment to China, increasing resources there 25% in 2002, and weve increased our presence in Europe. Acquisitions are a key form of investment for us and we have invested n other(a) $35 one million million in acquisitions over the past two years. They are a key way for us to redeploy silver flow for our future growth. 11Ongoing operations Rigor and reactivity To fund his strategy, Immelt drew his first source of capital from the sale of underperforming businesses, and the companys struggling indemnity business was his prime target for divesture. tho in the depths of an economic downturn, getting good prices for any business was not easy. So the investments needed to drive the companys growth appease relied primarily on funds generated by ongoing operations, and Immelt drove the organization to deliver on the markets expectations for current-year performance.Picking up on initiatives launched years earlier, he harnessed wellembedded capabilities such as Six Sigma and digitization to drive out cost, increase address might, and manage resources more e ffectively. Do a In 2003, GE opened its Shanghai research center and broke ground for another center in Siemenss backyard in Munich, Germany. In 2004, its 2, vitamin D researchers worldwide filed for more than 450 patents. 4 This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. copy or circuit board is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. du or 617. 783. 7860. No tC op yo Although Immelt was entrusting to increase his commitment to R&D, he pushed to change the balance of work being done. In addition to developing technologically sophisticated new products, he wanted to commit more resources to longer-term research that might not pay off for a decade or more. In the past, limited commitment to such long-term research had frustrated many of the centers science and engineering Ph. Ds. (Science was a dirty word for a go, said Anil Duggal, a project leader on the advanced lighting project. forthwith its not. )9 In selecting the long-term pr ojects for funding, Donnelly whittled down more than 2,000 proposals and then worked with researchers to come up with the technologies that could transform a business. From the 20 big approximations his staff proposed, Donnelly had them focus on a group of five dollar bill, representing fields as diverse as nanotechnology, advanced propulsion, and biotechnology. rP os t GEs Growth Strategy The Immelt Initiative 306-087 In this tough environment, Immelts primary operating focus was on cash flow, and he realigned all the powerful tools in GEs toolbox to meet that objective.For example, Six Sigma discipline was applied to reducing the cash tied up in inventory and receivables, while touch digitization was focused on sourcing economies and al-Qaeda efficiencies. By 2002, digitization alone was generating savings of almost $2 billion of savings a year. As always at GE, initiatives were tied to metrics, with 60% of incentive compensation dependent on cash flow generation. So, despite a tough 2002 economy that held GEs revenue growth to 5%, its cash flow from operations was $15. 2 billion, up 10% on the previous year. Do NoThe new CEO also wanted to create a more open and less hard-edged environment within the company. He asked the 2002 class of GEs Executive Development Course (EDC) to study where GE stood in its approach to corporate responsibility. b Historically, this was not an issue that had received much attention at GE. Although Welch had always evince the importance of integrity and compliance, he had denominaten little interest in r apieceing beyond that legal requirement. The several(prenominal) dozen participants in the 2002 EDC visited investors, regulators, activists, and 65 companies in the U. S. nd Europe to understand how GE was performing in toll of corporate responsibility. They taradiddleed to top management that although the company was ranked in the top five for its financial performance, investment observe, and management talent, it wa s number 72 for social responsibility. One outcome of the EDC groups report was that Immelt appointed GEs first vice president for corporate citizenship. He tapped dog Corcoran, a trusted colleague from his days runnelning GE Medical Systems, to lead an effort to tick off that the company was more sensitive and responsive to its broader societal responsibilities.Ever the pragmatist, Immelt saw this as more than just an selfless response. He believed it was all important(predicate) for the company to re chief(prenominal) effective To be a great company today, you also have to be a good company. The reason people come to work for GE is that they want to be involved in something bigger than themselves. They bEDC was the top-level course at GEs renowned Crotonville fosterage center and was reserved for those destined for the most senior echelons of management at GE. As part of their studies, each EDC class was charge a major corporate issue to study in teams and then report back to GEs Corporate Executive Council. C Immelt understood that in such a skeptical environment, there was a need for a CEO to establish much more nudeness and trust. Since his natural style tended to be open and communicative, he was perfectly comfortable with the idea of increasing the foil of GEs often complex operations. In July 2002, to make the performance of GEs financial businesses easier to understand, he broke GE Capital into four separate businesses, each with its own balance sheet and explicit growth strategy. He also committed to communicating more frequently and in more detail with investors. We have the goal of talking about GE externally the way we run it internally, he said. After his first analysts meeting, where everyone got an advance bound copy of the data and forecasts, BusinessWeek commented, Thats already a break with the Welch regime where, some aver, you were s keepingd to blink in case you missed a chart. 14 op yo Although this disciplined approach was rem iniscent of GE in decades past, Immelts management style contrasted with Welchs in many ways. First, he recognized that in a post-Enron world, corporate executives faced a more skeptical and often cynical group of critics.For example, an article in BusinessWeek suggested, Increasingly, the Welch record of steady double digit growth is smell less worry a miracle of brilliant management and more like clever news report that kept investors fat and happy in boom times. 12 And The Economist opined, Immelt has had a torrid time since taking over from Jack Welch, GEs former boss, in 2001. Waking from the dreamy 1990s, investors discovered that GE was not, after all, a smooth earnings machine that pumped out profit growth of 16 to 18% a year. 13 This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009.Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. rP os t 5 306-087 GEs Growth Strategy The Immelt Initiative want to work hard, they want to get promoted, they want stock options. But they also want to work for a company that makes a difference, a company thats doing great things in the world. . . . Its up to us to use our platform to be a good citizen. Because not only is it a nice thing to do, its a business imperative. 15 Rebuilding the Foundation Beginning a Marathon In the midst of the turmoil, however, he reminded himself of advice he received from his predecessor. One of the things Jack said early on that I think is totally right is Its a marathon, its not a sprint, Immelt recalled. You have to have a plan, and you have to stick with it. You have to modify it at times, but every day youve got to get out there and play it hard. 17 Entering 2003 with that thought in mind, Immelt proceed to drive his growth-strategy agenda. Rebalancing the Portfolio Do Two days after announcing final terms in its purchase of Vivendi- universal diversion (VUE), GE announced an agreement to purchase Amersham , a British life sciences and medical diagnostic company that Immelt had been pursuing for many months.He believed that wellness care was moving into an era of biotechnology, advanced diagnostics, and targeted therapies and combining GEs imaging technology with Amershams pharmaceutical biomarkers, for example, could create whole new ways of diagnosing and treating diseases. At $10 billion, this was a more expensive acquisition but one that he believed could boost GEs $9 billion medical products business to a $15 billion business by 2005. More important, he saw it as an engine of growth that would continue for years and even decades into the future. In his mind, it was a classic growth platform. This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. No Immelts vision was to create a media business that was better positioned for a digital future. The NBC franch ise, although strong, was being buffeted by changes in media dispersion that saw the share of broadcast televisions market shrinking. common added content, production facilities, cable distribution, and a strong management teamall assets that Immelt felt could greatly strengthen GEs core business.On top of that, the $5. 5 billion up-front purchase price for assets valued at $14 billion was seen as an excellent buy. tC The year turned out to be an important one in the new CEOs efforts to rebuild the business portfolio on which he would drive GEs growth. Even after complete $35 billion worth of acquisitions in the previous two years, 2003 became the biggest acquisition year in GEs history with total commitments exceeding $30 billion. The first megadeal came when the company decided to bid for the Universal entertainment business of French conglomerate Vivendi.Defying those who suggested that GE should exit the volatile media business, Immelt pushed ahead with the acquisition, which included Universals film library, film studio, cable services, and theme park. This is about stuff we know how to do, he said. We understand the nuances of this industry and where its going. 18 op yo As 2003 began, Immelt was not sorry to see the end of his first spacious year as CEO. Despite all his efforts, 2002 had been a terrible year for the company. Revenues were up only 5% after a 3% decline the prior year.And rather than the double-digit growth he had promised, 2002 earnings increased by only 7%. By years end the stock was at $24, down 39% from the year beforehand and 60% from its all-time high of $60 in August 2000. Having lived through a struggling economy, the post-9/11 chaos, new regulatory demands following the corporate scandals, and an unstable global policy-making situation, Immelt commented, This was a not a great year to be a rookie CEO. 16 rP os t GEs Growth Strategy The Immelt Initiative 306-087The real issue that many saw in the deal, however, was less about strategic fit than organizational compatibility. The concern was that the highly innovative, science-oriented talent that Amersham had genuine in the U. K. would not thrive when swallowed up by GE. It was the same criticism that Immelt had heard when critics wondered whether the creative talent in Universals film studios would tolerate the management discipline for which GE was so well-known. But the idea of bringing creative and innovative outside(a)rs into GE was part of the appeal to Immelt.He saw people like Sir William Castell, Amershams CEO, as major assets who could help develop in GE the culture of innovation that he longed to build. To emphasize the point, he put U. K. -based Castell in charge of the combined $14 billion business renamed GE wellness Care and made him a vice chairman of GE. For the first time, one of the companys major businesses would be headquartered outside of the linked States, a move that Immelt felt fit well with his pierce of globalization. Focus ing on Customers, Emphasizing Services Do NoIn addition to his portfolio changes, the new CEO kept running(a) on his internal growth initiatives. As an ex-salesman, Immelt had always directed attention toward the customer, and one of his priorities was to redirect GEs somewhat internal focusan unintended by-product of Welchs obsession with operating efficiency and cost-cuttingtoward the external environment. In a deflationary world, you could get margin by working productivity, he said. instantaneously you need marketing to get a price. 19 In 2001, among his first appointments had been Beth Comstock, named as GEs first chief marketing officer.Next, to drive the change deeper, he redeployed most of GEs large business development staff into marketing roles, then asked each of GEs businesses to appoint a VP-level marketing head, many of whom had to be recruited from the outside. We hired literally thousands of marketers, he said. For the best, we created the Experienced Commercial L eadership Program, the potpourri of intensive course weve long offered in pay. Thats 200 people a year, every year. 20 cAfter taking a $1. 4 billion write-off in 2004 payable to claims relating to asbestos and September 11, the company finally sold ERC for $8. billion in 2005, but only after booking another $2. 9 billion damages loss. tC To communicate the major portfolio transformation he had undertaken to date, in 2003 Immelt began describing GEs businesses as growth engines and cash generators (see Exhibit 4). He characterized the former, which accounted for 85% of earnings, as market leaders that could grow at 15% annually through the business cycles with high returns. The latter were acknowledged as being more cyclical in nature but with consistently strong cash flows. p yo The other great challenge in the ongoing task of portfolio rebalancing was that GE was finding it difficult to dispose of some of the assets it no longer regarded as vital. While the recession provided l ots of buying opportunities if one was willing to step up and invest, it was hardly an ideal environment in which to be selling businesses. For GE, the biggest challenge was to find buyers for the struggling insurance businesses. Although its 2003 sale of trio of its major insurance entities had freed up $4. billion in cash, the company was still assay to find a buyer for Employers Reinsurance go with (ERC), a business generating huge ongoing losses due to its poor underwriting in the late 1990s. c And several other GE businesses from motors to super adhesives remained on the blocks with no bidder offering a price the company was willing to accept. Part of the problem was that bidders felt that if GE had run the business for years, most of the potentiality savings had already been extracted, making the units being offered less attractive for a company that wanted to squeeze out costs.This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or post ing is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. rP os t 7 306-087 GEs Growth Strategy The Immelt Initiative In 2003, with strong marketing capabilities now embedded in the businesses, he formed a Commercial Council to bring GEs best sales and marketing leaders together in a forum that could transfer best practice, drive initiatives rapidly through the organization, and develop a world-class commercial culture.Chaired by Immelt personally, the councils agenda included developing worldclass marketing capabilities, taking Six Sigma to customers, and driving sales force effectiveness. As always, metrics were attached. Using a tool called remuneration Promoter Score (NPS), the company began to track changes in customer attitudes and committal, tying compensation to improvements in NPS scores. If we can create a sales and marketing function thats as good as finance at GE, Ill change this company, he said. But it will take ten years to drive these cha nges. 21 Yet despite all these efforts, the reality was that just as many of GEs roducts were becoming commodities, its service contracts were increasingly going to the lowest bidder and not providing the barriers to entry they once did. GEs solution was to make itself indispensable by building enduring relationships based not only on offering its products and services but also its expertise. One initiative, dubbed At the Customer, For the Customer (ACFC, as it soon became known), was designed to bring GEs most effective internal tools and practices to bear on its customers challenges. Immelt used health care as an example of what GE could offer.With cost control being a major concern as health-care expenditures headed toward 20% of GDP, Immelt felt that GE could help its customers, only 50% of which were profitable. Through our health care services agreements, we are the hospitals productivity partner, he said. We completed more than 6,000 Six Sigma projects with health care provid ers in 2002 and these projects are improving the quality of patient care and lowering costs. 22 In addition, the company began bundle up its services and linking its products to clinical randomness technology.It also added a health-care financial services business to the GE Health Care organization to provide it with specialized financing support. The phrase solutions provider is so overused it makes us all snore, said Immelt. I want GE to be essential to those whom we serve, a critical part of the profit equation, a long-term partner, a friend. 23 Driving for Growth New Platforms, New Processes Beginning in 2002, Immelt had challenged his business leaders to identify growth business platforms with the potential to generate $1 billion in operating profit within the next few years.In response, six opportunities had emerged health-care information systems, security and sensors, water technology and services, oil and gas technology, Hispanic broadcasting, and consumer finance. By the end of 2002, these businesses represented $9 billion in revenue and $2 billion in operating profit. But, as Immelt pointed out, at a 15% annual organic growth rate, they were on track to become a much larger portion of GEs future business portfolio. With 2003s major acquisitions such as Amersham and VUE, the company added new growth platforms such as biosciences and film/DVD to its list.Through other acquisitions, renewable energy Do 8 This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. No tC op yo Immelt also believed GE could significantly strengthen its customer relationships by becoming more of a services provider. In 2002, $23 billion of the companys $132 billion revenue came from services, but with its massive installed base of more than 100,000 long-lived jet engines, locomotives, power generators, and medical devices in the field, the CEO saw the p otential service annuity stream.As someone who had increased GE Medical Systems share of service business from 25% to 42% in the three and a half years he headed that operation, Immelt was convinced that services could grow much faster than hardware and at much higher(prenominal) profit levels. To underscore his belief, whenever businesses developed important service contractsGE Transportations sale of its IT-based dispatch system to railroad customers to increase locomotive utilization, for examplehe celebrated them very publicly. rP os t GEs Growth Strategy The Immelt Initiative 06-087 (wind, solar, biomass), coal gasification, and supply chain financing became elements of GEs new growth platform. And the speech pattern on services built a series of businesses in environmental services, nondestructive testing, and asset optimization that were also seen as having high growth potential. In defining and then building these growth platforms, GE followed its normal disciplined approac h. First, management segmented the broad markets and identified the high-growth segments where they believed they could add value.Then, they typically launched their initiative with a footling acquisition in that growth platform. After integrating it into GE, the objective was to transform the acquisitions business model by applying GE growth initiatives (services and globalization, for example) that could leverage its existent resources and capabilities. As a final step, the company applied its financial muscle to the new business, allowing it to invest in organic growth or further acquisitions. The objective was to grow it rapidly while simultaneously generating solid returns.As Immelt summarized, A key GE strength is our ability to conceptualize the future, to identify unstoppable trends, and to develop new ways to grow. The growth platforms we have identified are markets that have above average growth rates and can uniquely benefit from GEs capabilities. . . . Growth is the ini tiative, the core competency that we are building in GE. 24 Aligning trouble New People Profiles The biggest challenge Immelt saw in implementing his agenda was to make growth the personal mission of every one of the companys 310,000 employees worldwide. If I want people to take more risks, go bigger problems, and grow the business in a way thats never been done before, I have to make it personal, he said. So I tell people, Start your career tomorrow. If you had a bad year, learn from it and do better. If you had a good year, Ive already forgotten about it. 25 As the company began to implement its new growth strategy, the CEO hard-pressed that some of his current management team might not have the skills or abilities to succeed in the more entrepreneurial risk-taking environment he was trying to create.Realizing that this implied a massive challenge to develop a new generation of what he termed growth leaders, he said Historically, we have been known as a company that developed professional managers . . . broad problem solvers with experience in multiple businesses and functions. However, I wanted to raise a generation of growth leaderspeople with market depth, customer touch, and technical understanding. This change emphasizes depth. We are expecting people to spend more time in a business or a job.We think this will help leaders develop market instincts so important for growth, and the confidence to grow global businesses. 26 Do No Beyond changes in career path development that emphasized more in-depth experience and fewer job rotations, GEs HR professionals wanted to identify the new personal competencies that growth leaders would need to exhibit. Benchmarking GE against best practice, they researched the leadership tC op yo GEs expansion into Hispanic broadcasting provides an example of the process.After identifying this as a fast-growth segment in its broadcast business, the company acquired Telemundo, the number two player in the Hispanic entertainme nt segment. Believing that the Hispanic demographic would drive growth, management felt that it would be able to apply GEs capabilities to fix Telemundos struggling business model. Through 2002 and 2003, NBC offered its management and schedule expertise, helping Telemundo to evolve from purchasing 80% of its content to producing two-thirds of its own broadcast material.In the second half of 2003, Telemundo grew its ratings by 50% over the first half and captured 25% of the Hispanic advertising market. The company expected revenues to grow more than 20% in 2004. This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. rP os t 9 306-087 GEs Growth Strategy The Immelt Initiative profiles at 15 large global companies Toyota and Dell among themthat had grown for more than a decade at three times GDP rates or better.In late 2004, they arrived at a list of five action -oriented leadership traits they would require an external focus that defines success in market terms an ability to think glide byly to simplify strategy into specific actions, make decisions, and communicate priorities the vision and courage to take risks on people and ideas an ability to energize teams through inclusiveness and connection with people, building both loyalty and commitment and an expertise in a function or domain, using depth as a source of confidence to drive change.To help develop these characteristics, each business created 20 to 30 backbone jobs customer-facing, change-oriented assignments in which growth leaders could be developed in assignments of at least four to five years. The new leadership competencies also became the criteria for all internal training programs and were integrated into the evaluation processes used in all management feedback. Funding the Growth Operating Excellence Do Yet another operating initiative called simplification aimed at red ucing overhead from 11% of revenue to 8%.Targeting reductions in the number of legal entities, headquarters, rooftops, computer systems, and other overhead-type costs not directly linked to growth, the company set a goal of removing $3 billion of such costs over three years. In the first year, the commercial finance business consolidated into three customer service/operations centers and expected to save $ three hundred million over three years. In another simplification move, the consumer and industrial business brought its three existing headquarters into one, saving more than $100 million in structural costs.And the transportation and energy businesses began sharing some IT and operational assets that also reduced structural costs by some $ three hundred million annually. 10 This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. No By 2004, while the drives for cash generation and cost reduction were still in place, Immelt added a new initiative called Lean Six Sigma, which borrowed the classic tools of lean manufacturing and set them to new applications.In its industrial businesses, the focus was on reducing working capital and improving return on equity, while in its commercial finance business it was on margin expansion, risk management, and cost reduction. Through these efforts, in 20032004, the company achieved $2. 7 billion in improvement in working capital and expected that phase of progress to continue. tC While driving growth, Immelt never forgot that he inherited a great operating company. He did not want long-term growth to distract managers from current performance. Ive always worried about a jailbreak, he said. How do we make sure people dont say Jeff doesnt care about productivity? 29 So he insisted that innovation be funded with an use to lead, but paid for by increasing productivity. 30 During 2003, for example, abou t one-third of the Six Sigma specialists were focused on a new initiative called cash entitlement. The target was for GE to be twice as good as competitors on a number of benchmarks such as accounts receivable or inventory turnover. At ull potential, Immelt told his team, it would free up an excess $7 billion in cash. op yo Immelt was also quite involved personally in developing growth leaders on his team. In response to a question about his time utilization, he said, Im probably spend 20% of my time with customers, 30% of my time on people, teaching and coaching . . . and 10% of my time on governance, working with the board, and meeting with investors. The rest would be time spent on the plumbing of the company, working on operating reviews and strategy sessions. 27 But, as he regularly pointed out, the time he spent on the plumbing in operating reviews and strategy sessionstouch points, he called themwas primarily about people development. He was committed to make every event a learning prospect, every activity a source of evaluation. 28 rP os t GEs Growth Strategy The Immelt Initiative 306-087 Preparing for Liftoff Innovation and Internationalization As 2004 progressed, the worldwide economy in stages started to turn around, and GE began showing signs of more robust growth. By years end, nine of its 11 businesses had grown their earnings by double digits.For the first time, Immelt sounded confident that the company was finally moving beyond the disappointing results of the previous three years and onto the growth trajectory for which he had been preparing it. In his annual letter to stakeholders in February 2005, he recalled his time as a college football player to draw a sports affinity to GEs recent performance GE has played hurt for the last few years. . . . So we went to the training room. These difficult years triggered a critical review of our capabilities, and as a result, we initiated an exciting transformation.We invested more than $60 billi on to create a faster-growing company. We committed to divest $15 billion of slow-growth assets. We built new capabilities, launched new products, expanded globally and invested in the GE brand. Now the company has begun an era of strong performance. . . . Were back at full strength. This is our time. 31 To underscore the point, he predicted that GEs growth enginesbusinesses whose earnings growth since 1999 had averaged 15% annuallywould generate 90% of the companys earnings in 2005, compared with only 67% in 2000. See Exhibit 5 for a representation of the shift. ) Due to this transformation of the business portfolio and also the addition of more than a dozen new capabilities from biosciences to renewable energy, Immelt claimed that for the first time in 20 years, GE was positioned to grow its industrial earnings faster than its financial services earnings. Imagination Breakthroughs Do No To drive his earlier growth platform challenge deep into the organization, the CEO launched a p rocess he called imagination breakthroughs, quickly abbreviated to IBs.These were projects technological innovations, market expansion opportunities, product commercialization proposals, or ideas to create value for customersthat had the potential to generate, over a three-year horizon, at least $100 million in incremental earnings. The process required each business leader to submit at least three breakthrough proposals a year for review by the Commercial Council. Imagination Breakthroughs are a protected class of ideassafe from budget slashers because Ive blessed each one, said Immelt. What were trying to do is take risks, using my point of view.I have the biggest risk profile and broadest time horizon in the company . . . so I can bring to bear the right risk-taking and time horizon tradeoffs. 32 A year into the program, 80 IB initiatives had been identified and qualifiedhalf technically based programs and half commercial innovations. Immelt had assigned the companys best people to drive them and had committed $5 billion over the next three years to fully fund them. In that time, they were expected to deliver $25 billion of additional revenue growth. By 2005, 25 IBs were generating revenue. The big difference is that the business leaders have no choices here, Immelt explained. nothing is allowed not to play. Nobody can say, Im going to sit this one out. Thats the way you drive change. 33 Believing that the businesses could initiate 200 such projects over the next year or two, Immelt said, Our employees want to live their dreams. It is up to me to give them that platform. I can help them take smart risks that will win over time. . . . We aim to be the best in the world at turning shrimpy ideas into huge businesses. 34 tC op yoThis document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. rP os t 11 306-087 GEs Growth Strategy The Immelt Ini tiative Of Town Halls and Dreaming To stimulate ideas that would drive the imagination breakthroughs, Immelt go along to push his leaders to get out in the field and in touch with the market. Setting the example himself by spending at least five days a month with customers, he began creating forums he called town hall meetings. Here, several hundred customers would gather together to hear where GEs CEO wanted to take his company, to provide input on that direction, and to suggest how GE could be more helpful to them. For example, in one meeting with the CEOs and key operating managers of companies in the railroad industry, Immelt spent an afternoon listening to their view of their industry situation, the key trends, and its five- to 10-year outlook. GEs CEO then asked them to think through a number of scenarios including higher fuel prices, a growth in east-west rail shipments due to increasing Chinese imports, and so on.He then challenged them to think through how they would spend $200 million to $400 million on R&D at GE. The ensuing debate highlighted, for example, the relative importance of spending on fuel efficiency versus information technology to optimize rail movement planning. But Immelt was careful to note that while the company listened cautiously to the input, GE always made its own choices on these investments. I love customers. I get great insight from them, but I would never let them set our strategy for us, he said. But by talking to them, I can put it in my own language.Customers always pay our bills, but they will never pick our people or set our strategies. 36 Infrastructure for Developing Countries A New Growth Market In 2004, Immelts push for globalization also began bearing fruit with revenues from outside the U. S. growing 18% to $72 billion. Of this, the developing world accounted for $21 billion, an even more impressive 37% increase on the previous year, leading Immelt to predict that over the next decade, 60% of GEs international gr owth would come from developing countries.China represented the most visible growth opportunity, but he also planned to expand aggressively into India, Russia, Eastern Europe, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Through the imagination breakthrough program, proposals for improving GEs ways of doing business in the developing world began glittery up. For example, one plan that would quickly generate $100 million in sales involved transportation system unassembled locomotives to Russia, India, and China, where they would be assembled in local factories and workshops. Furthermore, through an initiative known as one GE, the ompany began creating vertical teams to deliver what it called enterprise selling. For example, companywide enterprise teams had targeted the Olympics in Beijing, Vancouver, and London and were aiming to deliver additional sales of $1 billion in energy, security, lighting, and health-care products to those venues. And increasingly GE was adopting co mpany-to-country relationships in selling infrastructure projects. It was an approach that had helped it book $8 billion in Middle East orders in 2005, twice the level of 2003. Do 12This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. No tC op yo As an outgrowth of these meetings, Immelt decided to create another forum that he described as dreaming sessions. In these sessions, he engaged in intensive conversations with a group of senior executives drawn from key customers in a particular industry to try to identify major industry trends, their likely implications for them, and how GE might be able to help them.Immelt understood the importance of his own role in these meetings. If I show up, well get six CEOs to show up, he said. So you dont have to cut through anything else if we all do it together. We can make some high-level tradeoffs that way. 35 rP os t GEs Growth Strategy The Immelt Initiative 306-087 Reorganizing for Efficiencyand Growth Driven by such developments, in July 2005, Immelt announced a major reorganization that consolidated GEs 11 businesses into six large units, one of which was GE Infrastructure.Integrating aircraft engines, rail products, water energy, oil and gas, and some financial services, the unit was headed by GE veteran David Calhoun, who aimed to offer one-stop shopping for all infrastructure products and services. Immelts expectation was that by focusing on the needs of an underserved customer groupthe governments of developing countriesGE could tap into investments in developing country infrastructure predicted to be $3 trillion over the next 10 years. Going Forward Immelts Challenges His main challenge now as he saw it was to maintain the growth in this $150 billion global giant.But to those who felt GE was too big to grow so fast, he had a clear response Do No The corporate landscape is littered with companies that allowed themselves to be trapped by size. But GE thrives because we use our size to help us grow. Our depth allows us to lead in big markets by providing unmatched solutions for our customers our breadth allows us to spread concepts across the company, leveraging one small idea to create big financial gains and our strength allows us to take the risks required to grow. . . Our goal is not just to be big, but to use our size to be great. 38 All he had to do now was convince the financial markets that the changes he had initiated would enable this global giant to deliver on his promise of continued double-digit growth. tC In 2006, Immelt felt that GE was well placed on the growth path he had laid out over four years earlier. Between 2002 and 2005, he had put $30 billion of divestitures on the block, completed $65 billion in acquisitions, and made major investments in new capabilities in technology, marketing, and innovation.He now represented GEs growth engine as a link ed six-part process (see Exhibit 6). While the components varied little from his original 2001 list of growth elements, he explained the difference Youve got to have a process. Investors have to see it is repeatable. . . . It took time, though, to understand growth as a process. If I had worked out that wheel-shaped draw in 2001, I would have started with it. But in reality, you get these things by wallowing in them awhile. 37 op yoWhile one objective of the reorganization was to create savings (expected to be $400 million in administrative costs alone), Immelt emphasized that a more important goal was to better align the businesses with customer and market needs. But he also made clear that he wanted to create an organization that gave more opportunity for younger growth leaders to drive their businesses. The six new macrobusiness groupsGE Industrial, GE Commercial monetary Services, NBC Universal, GE Health Care, GE Consumer Finance, and GE Infrastructurewould each be led by one of GEs most experienced top executives.But these individuals would be forced to step back more from operations and spend most of their time coaching, developing, and supporting the younger managers who were to be pulled up into the 50-odd profit-responsible units directly under them. It was all part of the companys commitment to developing its growth leaders and the businesses they ran. This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. rP os t 13 306-087 -14-Exhibit 1 GEs Performance, 20012005 Selected Financial Data General Electric Company and Consolidated Affiliates (in millions, per share amounts in dollars) Do 2003 $112,886 13,766 2,057 15,823 -587 15,236 7,759 19. 60% 2002 $113,856 15,798 -616 15,182 -1,015 14,167 7,266 27. 20% 2001 $107,558 12,948 1,130 14,078 -287 13,791 6,555 24. 70% $ 1. 37 0. 2 1. 57 -0. 06 1. 51 1. 37 0. 21 1. 58 -0. 06 1. 52 0. 77 32. 4221. 30 30. 98 503,610 647,828 170,309 10,018,587 670,000 $ 1. 58 -0. 06 1. 51 -0. 1 1. 41 1. 59 -0. 06 1. 52 -0. 1 1. 42 0. 73 41. 8421. 40 24. 5 441,768 575,236 138,570 9,947,113 655,000 $ 1. 29 0. 11 1. 4 -0. 03 1. 37 1. 3 0. 11 1. 42 -0. 03 1. 39 0. 66 52. 9028. 25 40. 08 373,550 495,012 77,818 9,932,245 625,000 No 2005 $149,702 18,275 -1,922 16,353 16,353 9,647 17. 60% 2004 $134,481 16,285 534 16,819 16,819 8,594 17. 60% tC 1. 73 -0. 18 1. 55 1. 55 0. 91 37. 3432. 67 35. 05 626,586 673,342 212,281 10,569,805 634,000 161,000 155,000 316,000 This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860.Selected Financial Data Revenues honorarium from continuing operations before accounting changes compensation (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes Earnings before accounting changes Cumulative effect of accounting changes Net earnings Di vidends declared Return on average shareowners equity (a) Per share Earnings from continuing operations before accounting changes diluted Earnings (loss) from discontinued operationsdiluted Earnings before accounting changesdiluted Cumulative effect of accounting changesdiluted Net earningsdiluted Earnings from continuing operations before accounting changes staple fibre Earnings (loss) from discontinued operationsbasic Earnings before accounting changesbasic Cumulative effect of accounting changesbasic Net earningsbasic Dividends declared Stock price range Year-end closing stock price Total assets of continuing operations Total assets Long-term borrowings Shares outstandingaverage (in thousands) Shareowner accountsaverage Employees at year-end United States Other Countries Total Employees op yo 1. 72 -0. 18 1. 54 1. 54 $ 1. 56 0. 05 1. 61 1. 61 1. 57 0. 05 1. 62 1. 62 0. 82 37. 7528. 88 36. 5 618,241 750,507 207,871 10,399,629 658,000 165,000 142,000 307,000 155,000 150,000 30 5,000 $ 161,000 154,000 315,000 158,000 152,000 310,000 generator GE 2005 yearly Report. rP os t GEs Growth Strategy The Immelt Initiative 306-087 Exhibit 2GE Stock Price and P/E Multiple vs. S 500 Performance, 19952005 GE Price & P/E vs. S 500 1995-2006 (indexed 1/1995=100) 700 GE Price & S 500 (indexed 1/95=100) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 97 96 95 Ja nJa nJa n- GE P/E S 500 GE Price op yo 99 00 01 02 Ja nJa n03 Ja nJa nJa n- 30 20 10 0 04 05 Ja nJa n06 Ja n- 98 Source Thomson Datastream International. Do No tC Ja n- GE P/E (%) This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. rP os t 60 50 40 15 306-087 -16- Exhibit 3 GE Financial Performance, 19812000 ($ millions) Do 000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1991 1986 1981 $129,853 10,717 -9,296 4,081 25. 7% 25. 0% 24. 0% 3,535 3,138 1,808 12. 2% 8,203 7,280 2,636 492 9,296 8,203 7,280 3,943 $111,630 $100,469 $90,840 $7 9,179 $51,283 $36,725 3,689 N/A 2,492 1,081 17. 3% $27,240 N/A N/A 1,652 715 19. 1% 12,735 10,717 General Electric Company & Consolidated Affiliates Revenues Earnings from continuing operations Loss from discontinued operations 12,735 4,786 Net earnings 5,647 26. 8% Dividends declared 27. 5% No 3. 87 3. 81 1. 71 1. 47 159. 5-94. 3 405,200 71,427 3,277,826 3,268,998 3,274,692 59,663 46,603 355,935 304,012 103. 9-69. 0 76. 6-47. 9 1. 25 1. 08 0. 95 3. 21 2. 80 2. 46 2. 16 3. 27 2. 84 2. 50 2. 20 2. 55 1. 51 1. 04 78. 1-53. 272,402 49,246 3,307,394 166,508 22,602 1,737,863 2. 73 N/A 1. 18 44. 4-33. 2 84,818 100,001 912,594 Earned on average shareowners equity Per share Net earnings N/A N/A N/A 69. 9-51. 1 20,942 1,059 227,528 Net earningsdiluted tC 53. 1-34. 7 167,000 143,000 -310,000 293,000 -130,000 163,000 165,000 155,000 111,000 173,000 84,000 -62,000 -276,000 49,000 Dividends declared 181. 5-125. 0 437,006 82,132 3,299,037 Stock price rangea Total assets of continuing operations L ong-term borrowings Shares outstandingaverage (in thousands) Employees at year-end 168,000 145,000 -313,000 United States 302,000 N/A 71,000 N/A N/A N/A 239,000 284,000 373,000 404,000Other countries Discontinued operations (primarily U. S. ) Total employees op yo Source GE annual reports, various years. This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. aPrice unadjusted for four 2-for-1 stock splits during the period. rP os t 306-087 -17- Exhibit 4 Do No tC op yo GE Portfolio Growth Engines and Cash Generators This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860.As of January 1, 2004, GE has reorganized its 13 businesses into 11 focused on markets and customersseven Growth Engines, which generate about 85% of earnings and are mark et leaders with strengths in technology, cost, services, global distribution and capital efficiency and four Cash Generators, which consistently generate strong cash flow and grow earnings in an expanding economy. This chart reflects the most significant changes the combination of Aircraft Engines and Rail into GE Transportation the combination of Industrial Systems and Consumer Products into Consumer & Industrial, with portions of Industrial Systems moving to other businesses and the formation of Infrastructure from portions of Industrial Systems and Specialty Materials. Results for 2003 in this annual report are reported on the 13-business basis in effect in 2003. P os t Source GE 2003 Annual Report, p. 6. 306-087 GEs Growth Strategy The Immelt Initiative Exhibit 5 GEs Representation of its Portfolio Transformation, 20002006 Portfolio Transformation GE has added more than a dozen new capabilities to its seven Growth Engines, which should generate approximately 90% of GEs earnings in 2005, comfortably more than five years ago. The Growth EnginesTransportation, Energy, Healthcare, NBC Universal, Infrastructure, Commercial Finance and Consumer Financeare robust, capital-effective businesses with leadership positions for keep up doubledigit earnings and cash flow growth. New Growth CapabilitiesBiosciences Film + DVD Healthcare Information engineering Renewable Energy (Wind, Solar, Biomass) Coal Gasification Water Security Hispanic Television Oil & Gas geographic expedition Technology Services (Asset Optimization, Environmental Services, Non-Destructive Testing) Vertical Financing Full Supply-Chain Financing Real Estate Operations Global Mortgage Source GE 2004 Annual Report, p. 4. Do 18 This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. No tC op yo rP os t GEs Growth Strategy The Immelt Initiative 306-087 Exhibit 6 GE Growth Strate gy Core Elements, 2005 Version Customer ValueUse our process excellence to create customer value and drive growth Growth Leaders Inspire and develop people who know how to help customers and GE grow Globalization tC Create opportunities everywhere and expand in developing markets Do No Source -GROWTH IS THE GE INITIATIVE After growing historically at an average of 5% revenue growth, in 2004, we launched this initiative to achieve 8% organic growth per year. This is about twice the rate of our industrial and financial peers. We want to make organic growth a process that is predictable and reliable. - GE 2005 Annual Report. op yo Execute for Growth Commercial Excellence Create a world-class marketing and sales cogency to drive one GE in the marketplace This document is authorized for use only by DINDIN SYARIFUDIN until August 2009. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. emailprotected harvard. edu or 617. 783. 7860. rP os t Innovation apply new ideas and develop capabil ities to make them a reality Leadership in Technology Have the best products, content and s