Analysis Of genres Essay

Genre is a French term meaning type or merciful. move things into categories is useful in any form of study its a bureau of establishing nearly kind of find out everyplace an amorphous mass of information. Each medium in the mass media has its own kinds of language, lineament signs and sign systems. Genre is part of the Key Concept of Language, and can be applied to all kinds of media text. position media texts such as film, tv programmes, print media, or music into categories is useful as a expressive style of establishing some kind of control over an amorphous mass of information.Each genre follows its own kinds of conventions language, property signs and sign systems. However, genres be fluid and not fixed and under constant renegotiation in the midst of media industry and understanding of viewing by the combination of the familiar and the unexpected. The standard approach to teaching genre in film and tele visual modality is to focus on the ballpark codes and conventions. Looking at film posters, trailers or short scene extracts get out quickly enable students to identify similarities and differences in characters, location, stories and familiar objects (the iconography).Repeated narrative patterns can be spy and beyond this the hap theme which leads to exploration of sh ard ideological messages. For the study of magazines the categorisation might be based on definitions of target audiences age, gender, ethnicity, class etcetera The History and Evolution of Genres Genre analysis as advantageously as includes understanding the evolution of a genre over time. Genres change and develop because of changes in the culture or historical period in which the genre is being produced.The Western solo hero who was normal in the 1940s and 1950s evolved into the group of heroes in the 1960s and 1970s with Rawhide and Bonanza verbalizes that reflected a shift in the workplace to that of the group in the corporation or company during that time . And, with the increasing interest in urban crime and international espionage in the 1970s and 1980s, the Western was replaced by the police/detective and the spy/thriller genres. Genres a bid gain popularity with certain audiences who seek out these genres given the historical or cultural forces opera houseting in a certain period.During the Great Depression, audiences flocked to movie houses to view Hollywood romantic comedies as a way of escaping the grim realities of everyday lives characterized by poverty and deprivation. The personality of the threat in intuition fiction movies withal shifts to reflect changes in fears or threats facing societies. During the 1930s and 1940s, Americans expressed racial fears, as manifested in the ski tow of the Klu Klux Klan, and in the film, King Kong. During the 1990s, with the increased production of films and the control of media conglomerates over the types of films being made, an increasing number of conventional genre films wer e produced.Film studio apartments needed to attract large audiences in order to make a slip by profit on the millions they invested in high-production, special- effect films, so they turned to safe, familiar genres and sequels. As Wheeler Dixon (2000) argues What audiences today need more than ever before is more of the same, and studios, scared to death by rising production and scattering costs, are equally loathe to strike out in new generic directions. Keep audiences satisfied, endeavour to primary(prenominal)tain narrative closure at all costs, and keep in spite of dependance the bounds of heterotopic romance, no topic what genre one is ostensibly working in.Yet, at the same time, the studios must present these old fables in seductive new clothing, with high budgets, major stars, lavish sets, and (if the genre demands it) unremitting action to disguise the second-hand nature of the con yardrary genre film (p. 8).Film versus television genres. There are some important dif ferences between film and television genres. Film genres (see list below) tend to be more general, for example, the western, action/adventure, comedy, horror, science fiction, etc., enchantment television genres (see list below) are much specialized, for example, cooking shows, sports- berate shows, childrens animation, etc.A film that is deterrent example of a certain film genre also tends to be selfenclosedthe conflicts are often resolved within the film, flat with film sequels. In contrast, a television genre program tends to be part of a serial, in which a storyline whitethorn continue and develop or characters may evolve crosswise different programs.There are a wide range of different types of film genres detective, action/adventure, mystery,science fiction, horror, gangster, romance, comedy, musical, comedy, animation, detective, spy thriller, as well as specialized television genres game show, prime-time drama, sports broadcast, sludge opera, musical, medical drama, new s, pro-wrestling, reality-television, talkshow.It is often difficult to identify a particular movie or television show as a primary example of a particular genre because a movie or show may contain elements reflecting different genres. 1. Soap operas Soap-opera is the most popular form of television programming in the serviceman.A large proportion of television viewers watch and enjoy sludge-operas. Soap-operas dominate the national audience ratings over other programmes that are telecast. Soaps in general bind a predominantly female audience, and in event at least 30% of the audiences for this soap are male. The main interest for men was in line of credit relations and problem and the power and wealth shown, whereas women were more often interested in the family issues and love affairs. Soaps bring up to those who value the personal and domestic world.There is no doubt that viewing and talking with family and friends about soap operas is experienced by umteen women as a plea surable experience. Women are separated in soap operas still the image of the modern women has changed. From being a submissive, quiet, obedient housewife, she has grown and evolved into a strong individual. She not excels in her profession and is also an able homemaker. Soaps create a world dominated by interpersonal relationship, where characters discuss marital, romantic and family problems.There is little physical violence or crime. The soap opera world waits emotionally hazardous-mainly because of the continual sorting and resorting of relationships. PORTRAYAL IN SOAP OPERAS Though not as strongly as in earlier years, the portrayal of both men and women on television is by and large traditional and stereotypical.This serves to promote a polarization of gender roles. With femininity are associated traits such as emotionality, carefulness, cooperation, a shared sense, and obedience. Masculinity tends to be associated with such traits as wisdom,efficiency, competition, indivi dualism and ruthlessness. Most significantly though, soap operas concern with the everyday lives of everyday masses and their problems, big and small, appears to be one of the main reasons wherefore this genre is so popular.2. The Talk Show The television talk show consists of four different subgenres 1) The sunrise talk shows 2) The day-time talk some of which are characterized as tabloid or the confessional talk show, as well as courtroom shows. 3) prime-time/late-night talk show 4) Political talk shows 1.The morn and prime-time/late shows retain a consistent format established by early hosts in the 1950s through 1970s for the morning shows identifies five characteristics of this subgenre The centrality of the host. The program revolves around the host as the central figure of the program. The host often has control over the shows content and guest selection. The host is often supported by others who laughed at his jokes and provided an immediate conversational audience. The hosts often serve as commodities for their profitssfunctioning to promote not only their shows, barely also the network itself and other products. The present-tense flow. Even though the shows are pre-taped, they are highly structured in ways that create the illusion that they are occurring live in present time for the viewer audience. alter modes of address. The host is simultaneously addressing a range of different audiences the immediate audience on stage (guests, co-hosts), their studio audience, and the viewer audience, all in ways that serve to engage the viewer audience as the interior(a) you. The commodity function. The show serves not only as an advertising vehicle, but it also serves to promote the celebrities who appear on the show.Stars of television programs on the same network often appear as guests to promote those network programs. Structured impulsiveness. Despite the seemingly spontaneous nature of the program, a large cast of writers, producers, celebratin g agents, and technical throng construct a scripted, semi-rehearsed production that adheres to time constraints and certain publicity messages they wish to convey. Recently talk show hosts have functioned to provide their own versions of daily news events for their relatively younger audiences who may not be acquiring news from other sources.2. The day-time tabloid/confessional shows are often organized around particularly themes or topics often related to interpersonal conflicts, health, beautyand, on the tabloid shows. The increased popularity of courtroom shows dramatizes personal or family conflicts within a seemingly legal area. These shows attempt to actively promote conflicts between participants, often resulting in arguments, taunts, and physical fights. They also engage audience members as players in these conflicts, asking them to create alliances between the conflicting participants.These shows focus on dramatic conflict between participants serves to overlap with the c onflicts portrayed in soap opera (see soap opera) and reality television. The confessional shows focus more on having participants articulate personal problems that are then addressed by an expert or by the host as a chaste guide . The prevailing discourse of these shows is healingthe assumption that through talking-out issues and improving interpersonal relationships, problems can be solved, a discourse that masks the influence of institutional forces. 3. The political talk showoften features competing political perspectives from what is set forth as the liberal and the conservative side, in which participants argue with each other in a highly dramatic, combative manner with little contextualization or development of ideas. Moreover, the guests who appear on Sunday morning talk shows largely represent status quo institutional perspectives and are largely white males. 3. Advertising Media employ specific techniques to construct believable stories. They hook our attention through psychological devices and technical effects.The techniques are vast and many, but some common ones are easily perceptible and are identified here. Remember, advertisers will use many techniques not listed. Add to this list as needed. Technical effects Camera angles rise perspective, such as low angles that give the subject power. Close-ups provide emphasis. Sound effects animate products, giving them emotion. Mise-en-scene (set and picture deep down camera frame) creates cultural and ideological context. Is the set a concert, a hall, a shopping mall? Accessories enhance the product. Whats being associated with the product, such as clothes, props, models? Lighting is apply to draw your eye to certain details. euphoric and attractive people are made-up and constructed to enhance the message. What kinds of people are in the ad? Music, popular songs and jingles create pneumonic devices to program or trigger your memory (some songs are apply for nostalgic reasons, time oth ers are used to cross promote products, i. e. cars and latest album). Products are sold using three main emotions fear, sex and humour. Ads woo to our emotions through emotional transfer and are rarely dependent on expert analysis. Special effects bring inanimate things to life and make them exciting. This is especially true with children-targeted ads. Editing is used to pace and generate excitement. Notice how military and video game ads have very fast cuts, unremarkably a scene change every second. Common Attention-Getting Hooks Emotional Transfer is the dish of generating emotions in order to transfer them to a product. For example, a Coke ad shows happy, beautiful people but tells us nothing about the product. The point is to make you feel soundly and to transfer that feeling to the pit or product.This is the number one and most important process of media manipulation. Fear messages are directed at our insecurities, such as no one will like you if you have dandruff, or bald people are losers. This is a very common technique and extra attention is required to resist these messages. Symbols are easily recognized elements from our culture that generate powerful emotions, such as flags and crosses. Humour is often used because it makes us feel good and is more memorable. Hype, dont deliberate it. Be skeptical of overdraw claims.Statements like these are meaningless and vague, but sound good. Fitting In is a very common technique that tries to influence us by stating that if everyone else is buying the product, so should you. Cute. Children and animals always steal the show. Vague Promises like might, maybe, and could divert our attention. Super Glue may heal cuts better than Band-Aids, sounds absurd, but you will often hear claims as absurd as this and it would still be true (because it cant be disproved). Testimonials are statements by people explaining why certain products are great.Famous or plain folk or actors can do them. This is mor e powerful when someone we really like or respect endorses a product. Beautiful people are usually used to glamorize merchandise, especially unhealthy products like alcohol, baccy and junk food. Models and actors generally dont represent average people, but idealized notions of beauty that are constantly changing. Famous People such as Michael Jordan make products appealing and attractive through association. medium People are people that might be like you or me. This is common in ads that reach community or family. Its Easy.Simple solutions are often used to convince us that a product will solve our problems. Macho is generally used to appeal to males, but not exclusively. It demonstrates masculinity and male stereotypes these are common in military and tobacco ads. Femininity is another gender stereotype used in a variety of ads, from teen make-up commercials to alcohol ads. Repetition is done to recapitulate a sales pitch over and over again, like the phone ads that re peatedly display and herald the phone number to access their service Big Lies are exaggerated promises that are impossible to deliver. Exotic. This is the appeal of the other it could be a beach location, tribal person, something strange or unknown. This is often meant to hook you through presenting something that is out of the ordinary or beyond our everyday experience. Flattery is used to make you feel good about you as a consumer and that you are making the right choice when you chose a product. Social Outcasts generally represents a put-down or demeaning comment about a competing product or cultural group. This is not limited to ads, but is common in propaganda as well (they dont believe in God, etc. ). Free Lunch offers you something in addition to the product such as buy one, get one free or tax cuts. Freebies constantly hook us, but there are always hidden costs. Rarely is a thing truly free. Surrealism. Commercial media employ some of the brightest minds of the media w orld and often require cutting edge artists to keep their material fresh (e. g. MTV). Often, as a reprimand of how unreal the fantasy world of media is, you will see juxtapositions and dreamlike imagery that make no sense because the advertiser is trying to get your attention by presenting something strange and different. The Good Old Days. Images, fashion, film effects and music depicting specific eras or subcultures are meant to appeal directly to the demographic represented in the ad. Culture. Niche marketing is more common as advertisers hone their messages for specific cultural groups. Latino-targeted ads, for instance, might have family scenes or specific uses of language. 4. Music Form most (not all) music involves some repetition, and we find some patterns recurring in many pieces.In other words, you will need to consider the elements below for EACH dividing line in your song (i.e. , the elements that characterize the A melody, again for the B melody, etc. ) Be aware tha t even if a melody (tune) is repeated, there may be changes a chorus might sing what a soloist sang the first time, etc. , and a good analysis will account for those changes. Melody (Melodies) Tempo(s) literally speed. Using Italian terminology, how fast or slow is this tune? Are there changes in the tempo? Are they stepwise or abrupt changes? Do you feel the tempo in this particular public presentation is appropriate for the lyrics or mood? If not, should it be faster or slower?Who seems responsible for establishing the tempo? dynamical level(s) literally volumehow loud (forte) or soft (piano) is this piece? Dynamics tend to fluctuate a lot in music, so how does this particularly piece progress? Are changes sudden or gradual? Mood the emotional atmosphere of the song. This is a subjective assessment, but it should be supported by some of your other answers on this page. Sad songs, for example, usually arent very fast Lyrics how would you describe the verse? Is it cont inually changing, or do you hear a lot of repetition of text?Do the words seem important, or is the emphasis on the melody? How frequent are the rhymes? Is there patter singing? mean(a) the performers needed for the piece (both vocal and instrumental Dont forget to notice any instruments or voices used in the accompaniment ) Text Setting Text Expression has the composer crafted the music (tempo, dynamics, etc. ) to be appropriate to the meaning of the poetry? Does s/he use any devices such as wordpainting? pulse Is the rhythm prominent? (Are your toes tapping? ) Can you tell what the meter is?What is the subdivision? Why might the composer have elect this meter or subdivision? Do you notice other rhythmic devices, such as stippled rhythms or syncopation? Texture(s) Does the texture change at any point in the piece? Whats the most prominent texture in the song? Mode is the mode major or small fry at the beginning of this piece? Does it change at any point? Is the mo de appropriate for the poetry? Style does the music seem to fall under a particular style label (i. e. jazz, swing, rap, ballad, rock, operatic, blues, gospel, etc. )?What other elements create this style? (Text setting, instrumentation, etc. ) Type some songs can be classified as functioning in a typical waysuch as soliloquies, charm songs, comedy songs, vision songs, challenge songs, I want songs, love songs, patriotic songs, etc. Does this song belong to a recognizable category? (Not all songs fit into these sorts of classifications. ) Action/Dance does this song structured so that it contains some sort of staged action or dance? Is the action in the background, or does the singer(s) participate? Describe the setting as best you can.