Biology Lab Essay Example for Free

Biology Lab Essay1.Discuss how to defend yourself from body fluids, much(prenominal) as saliva and line of credit. oGloves protect you whenever you touch blood, body fluids. The use of gloves also decreases the risk of disease transmission if you are pricked with a needle. eternally wear gloves for handling items or surfaces soiled with blood or body fluids. oWash your hands and other skin surfaces immediately after they come in contact with blood or body fluids. oMasks and protective eyewear, much(prenominal) as goggles or a face shield, help protect your eyes, mouth, and nose from droplets of blood and other body fluids. Always wear a suppress and protective eyewear if you are doing a procedure that may expose you to splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids. oAprons protect you from splashes of blood or body fluids. Always wear a gown or apron if you are doing a procedure that may expose you to splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids2.Why should you treat a body fl uid capable of infecting you with disease? o I think you should be aware and alert because its precaution to practice when youre working in a lab setting. 3.Describe how to dispose of waste material contaminated with body fluids. o You should dispose all waste material in the correct presidential term area, and you can throw away the waste materials in the biological agent container. 4. Explain how to safely plug and undo an electrical device. o When you plug in such electrical equipment, make sure you include the ground plug round. Hold the plug firmly by the insulating cover when plugging it in or unplugging it. Never unplug an electrical device by pulling on its cord. 5.Discuss how to protect yourself from preservatives used on biological specimens. o You would protect yourself from preservatives used on a biological specimen by wearing gloves and safety glasses. Do not shake the container or put the specimen back in the container. 6.Why are special biohazard containers used fo r biological waste? o Biohazard containers are used to separate infectious, contaminated or dangerous material from other materials that wouldnt be labeled as such and to protect us and the environment. Also the disposing of biohazard material is done differently than normal material.

Biography of Kate Chopin Essay Example for Free

Biography of Kate Chopin EssayKate Chopin was an American author of short stories and novels. Considered as one of the earliest feminist authors of the 20th century, she was one of the most-celebrated female writers of her time. She wrote several short stories including The spirit level of an Hour (1894), Euphrase (1850), Mrs. Mobrys Reason (1891), A Shameful Affair (1893), and many others. Her literature unremarkably described her own life, reflecting the time she lived in and the life she led. When readers look into her literature, they do not only read what is on the school text but also turn in to understand the context. When you look through her fiction, you might notice that the contexts include the life of the author, the time it was written and the social condition during the time it was set, among others. One of her short stories, The Story of an Hour, depicts a womans reactions to the news of her husbands death, upon reading which I found connections between her life and the life of the master(prenominal) character of the short story. Background and early life After Kate Chopins father was killed in a train accident, she moved into a household of women in St. Louis.As a girl she was mentored mainly by women her mother, her grandmother, and her great grandmother. She also had deep bonds with her family members, the sisters who taught her at school, and with her life-long friend Kitty Garasche. A lot of the fiction Kate wrote was hugely influenced by the women she grew up with, especially regarding her views ab off womens lib, and women. In 1870, at the age of 20, she settled in New Orleans. Oscar, her husband, bought a general store in Cloutierville, but in 1882 he died of malaria and left Kate with $12,000 in debt (approximately $229,360 in 2005 dollars).Kate Chopin was widowed at 32. She attempted to run the plantation and store alone but with no success. Two years later, she interchange her Louisiana business. Her mother wanted her to move back to St. Louis. The following year, her mother died. After the divergence of both her husband and the mother, Kate Chopin found herself drifting into the realms of depression. Her doctor felt up that writing would be a good way for her to heal this developing depression. Her doctor understood that writing could serve as a focus for her vital force as well as a source of income.She thus indulged herself and became successful, and found many of her work getting published. However, some of her writings were far too frontwards of their times and she faced lack of acceptance for almost 12 years. Literary works with examples Kate Chopin commented on the importance of describing human existence in its subtle, complex, true meaning, simple(a) of the veil with which ethical and conventional standards have draped it (1894). An interview on the phosphate buffer solution website for Kate Chopin says, I think she was much more interested in the excitement, the cultivation that cam e in her circle of intellectual friends.That was liberty, the freedom to explore ideas (PBS, 1999). Kate was neither a feminist nor a suffragist, she said so. She was nonetheless a woman who took women extremely seriously. She neer doubted the womans ability to be strong. She came from a long line of strong women whom she loved and respected, owing to the affiliation with her great-grandmother, grandmother, and mother. She had strong intellectual women friends. Her lack of interest in feminism and suffrage did not have anything to do with a lack of confidence in women, nor did it have a lot to do with a lack of inclination for freedom.She simply had a different brain of freedom. She saw freedom as much more a matter of spirit, soul, and character than anything else, of living your life within the constraints that the world makes or your God offers you, because all of us do live within constraints. There is no indication that she regretted her marriage, or regretted being a moth er (PBS, 1999). beforehand(predicate) 1970s was the period thriving with womens rights movements, and Kate Chopin was one leading contributor to the said phenomenon.She contributed a lot through her writings about women, daytime dramas, the feminine mystique, womens liberation, Mars vs. Venus, self-help and commentary on open marriages. You can see how Kate Chopins life event (train accident, A Widow, and Freedom for Women) influenced her fictions through The Story of an Hour. One of the main events in the story is a mans loss, namely Mrs. Mallards husband. Josephine, Mrs. Mallards sister, brought the sad message that in that location was a coerce disaster and of those listed as killed included Brently Mallard, who was Mrs.Mallards husband. In Kates life, there had been a similar loss. That someone was her father who passed away in a railroad accident in 1855. Furthermore, Mrs. Mallard is in due course assumed to be a widow, but readers will soon find out that Mr. Mallard is aliv e. In Kates life, her father had widowed her mother. Both had experienced what its like to be a widow but of course, the response to the loss may entirely be different. In the end, before she learnt of Brentlys return from the accident, Louise died of heart disease of joy that kills.This could suggest that she had a moment of monstrous joy, which consumed her and overwhelmed her to death. perhaps Chopin would just let Louise die instead of seeing Brently again, causing her to remain imprisoned and be confined to her husbands hands. Lastly, in The Story of An Hour, Chopin make no suggestion to the readers that Mrs. Mallard was sorry for her husbands loss. Instead, she uttered under her breath, free, free, and free which suggests how happy Mrs. Mallard was to have lost her husband, because she now has freedom of herself.The joy she feels after regaining her freedom is something which consumes her. In Kates life, a lot of her work mentioned the rise in the rights of women. She exper ienced a period where there was a decline in those rights and women were deprived of public needs like education, the right to vote, the right to property and their children. Those events drove her to write the kind of feminist text she did instead of dedicating herself to other themes. As observed, literature can bring us to the world of the author.Literary works reflect the time, state of mind, and the life of the author. By understanding the connection between Kate Chopin and Mrs. Mallard in the short story, The Story of an Hour, it can be confirmed that the novel portrayed a reference to Kate Chopins life since most of the events (train accident, A Widow, and Freedom for Women) in Louises life are similar to, or at least greatly influenced by her own.ReferencesChopin, K. (1894). One Story. PBS (Director). (1999). Kate Chopin A Re-Awakening Motion Picture.

Macroeconomic Policies during the Recession of 2008-2009

Macro sparing Policies during the Recession of 2008-2009Renyuan FengAn Assessment of Macroeconomic Policies during the Great Recession of 2008-2009Brief IntroductionFrom 2008-2009, US deliverance suffered the severe recession from the squeeze of the globose monetary crisis. From 1990s, United States has experienced the huge sum of the saving inflows from the otherwise emerging commercialises (Bernanke, 2009). However, the financial institutions invest these savings with the poor way to stop the sub-prime mortgage and push the real estate price incr assuagement. The sub-prime mortgage loans were provided to the people with poor credit score as the no income, no job and no asset groups. Meanwhile, these foul loans were securitized in the financial foodstuff and traded as the financial instruments to provide numerous profits for the financial institutions and Wall Street bankers (Thomas, Hennessey, Holtz-Eakin, 2011). The low have-to doe with rate and the augment of housing price had provided new opportunities for these foreign saving inflows. The burst of housing bubble has led the richly proportion of negligences on subprime mortgage. With the drop cloth of largest financial institution, the whole financial system suffered the damage. Later, this financial crisis has become contagious into the global scale and finally created one of the most serious financial chaoses in the beginning of the new century. During these months, US economy has experienced the severe negative influences as the real GDP fell at a 6% yearbook rate and the employment positions have been reduced in the large amount every month. The usage of confusing financial instruments as credit-default swaps and collateralized debt obligations in the financial market has been blamed as one of the significant reasons for the crisis (Weisberg, 2010). Meanwhile, the other main causes for this Great Recession could be included as the international global imbalances, the low invade rate f or the monetary polity, the lack of regulation for the new financial instruments and conflicts of interest in the financial rating agencies (Bernanke, 2009).Fiscal Policies in ActionTo deal with this economic recession, US establishment has passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in 2009. The act aims to develop more new employment and maintain current ones, to stimulate the economy and invest the economic egression and to improve the transp bency of government disbursement. At the same time, the government would provide around $787 billion financial support for the tax revenue cuts, funding for unemployment benefits and funding for grants and loans (Recovery.gov, 2009). The government requires the usages of Recovery funds need to be reported every year to maintain its transparency. The government would also provide financial support to the local school districts. All these marchs would help the countrys economy to leave the negative influence from financial crisis. However, the strategies which focuses on the government spending and taxes cut are still be discussed by the economic scholars because the effect of them are hard to be observed and examined(Wilson, 2012). monetary Policies in Action sensation of the most significant monetary policies is that the Federal Reserve to support the economy is that usage of quantitative easing. It is the approach that the central bank uses its printing machines to make more nones to buy the assets (Reddy, 2010). This way could in effect decline the notes yield and the interest rates of the debt market. This strategy could help the homeowners to refinance their loans because the borrowing costs have been reduced. The investors also are guided into the share markets and bond markets by the market to increase the value of these securities (Reddy, 2010). It could help the US exporters because it weakens the US dollar. The whole process could push the asset prices and swelling expectations, reduce the exc hange rate and real interest rates. From 2008 to 2010, the Federal Reserve has bought about $1.7 trillion of Treasury and asset-backed securities to push the economy away from the recession. The economists have predicted that this action could reduce 0.5% of the long term Treasury yields and also the rates in the private credit markets. It also helps the asset market, especially the real estate market to increase the prices. This activity could have the possibility to build up another round of the financial bubble because of the higher yields in riskier assets. The quantitative easing could effectively reduce the value of the US dollar and start the currency war. However, it increases the risks of pushing up the prices of commodities and increasing the inflations. The effects and risks of this policy are still the controversial topics. present the Fiscal Policies Worked?The Fiscal Policy as ARRA actually helps the economy recovery for months. With the implementation of this act, the economy motion was significantly influenced. The real GDP showed the stable growth from the autumn of 2009. The private payroll employment also grew in about 2.2 million from 2010 to 2011(Council of scotch Advisers, 2011). Some measures have the pecuniary stimulus has the effect on the increasing level of GDP from 2011. The strong growth of GDP has begun from the third quarter of 2009 and remained the good trend for the economy in the following months. The go out is same with other results from different analysts. Until 2011, the estimation from CEA showed the employment has been increased between 2.2 to 4.2 million (Council of Economic Advisers, 2011). In 2008 and 2009, the employment market has suffered the serious decline because of the impact from the recession. The fiscal policy of ARRA has raised the concerns of the Federal Government into the job market. From the first quarter of 2011, the payroll employment has kept the steady increase in the following months. This res ult was the significant increase to help more people to work and increase their income. The Federal government has effectively cut its spending and tax in the amount of $697 billion which has followed the estimation of the act. The huge amount of the tax cuts would still continue in the next year plans. The individual tax cuts and the state fiscal support which occupied the large proportion in the government spending have been paid more attention to deal with. The public investment spending on infrastructure and clean energy have been increased from only $7 billion in 2009 to $182 billion in 2011. It is because this act aims to develop the long-term strategies for the economy. The demands of meliorate infrastructure and clean energy could effectively increase the competitiveness for the countrys future economic development. These results have been compared with the other results from different models (Council of Economic Advisers, 2011). in that location were no significant diffe rences among them. Additionally, the study from Moodys Analytics model also supported that the current fiscal policies have contributed a lot in to the increase of GDP, jobs and inflation (Blinder Zandi, 2010). After examining the results in different scenario, the study showed that the financial stimulus played an important role in the economic performance.Have the Monetary Policies Worked?The Monetary Policy actually failed to stimulate the economy. First of all, after many rounds of quantitative easing activities, the economy still remains weak. The national economy is in the low-growth milieu with the poor GDP performance. The GDP in 2010 was just 2.9% which was the result with both contributions from fiscal policies and monetary policies. Meanwhile, the performance in employment market was also bad with the high unemployment rate of 9.2%. The financial support with more than $2.1 million in the job market actually worked nothing in theses months. All these bad performance have added more pressure to the Federal Reserve. Even though the value of US dollar has been decreased in the global market, the export market could not contribute sufficiently to support the economy. US government was also blamed to control its exchange rate in the global exchange market. On the other hand, the monetary policy has stimulated the creation of the new asset bubble. The impact for the huge amount of notes in the financial system has shown in the economic performance. The inflation faced the huge challenge in the increasing prices of commodities. The SP has increased twice than last year at 8%. Residents have to face the increase in the commodity. However, the government believed this inflation was still in control and with few risks. The IPO has become the next bubble in the financial market which was the result of commodity boom and asset bubble (Groth Randazzo, 2011). This monetary policy has driven the US Federal Government into one wired situation with the mix of sta gnant wages, high unemployment, high inflation and the asset bubble. The government believed that there were no threats from the inflation and asset bubbles. However, the capacity for the government to identify the potential risks and the effect of the current policy were still doubted by the economists. The government policy influenced the indicators for government to adjust its policies has become one of the paradox in the decision making process. All these results could show the mischance of quantitative easing policy.ConclusionCurrently, US Federal Government has implemented several fiscal and monetary policies to help the economy recover from the chaos of global financial crisis. With the combination of government spending cuts, tax cuts and quantitative easing, the US economy has shown increasing trend. With the comparison from different studies, the fiscal policies have successfully alter the performance of the economy. The government should continue the sustainability of e conomic development and maintain the concentration into the employment market. On the other hand, the monetary policy as quantitative easing did not show the significant effect on the economy. The increasing inflation and the potential new asset bubbles have brought more challenges to the Federal Government. In this aspect, the government must pay more attention into these two areas to avoid increasing likelihood for the other crisis. The government must adjust both monetary and fiscal policies to achieve the goal.ReferencesBernanke, B, S. (2009). Four Questions about the Financial Crisis. Retrieved from http//www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bernanke20090414a.htmlBlinder,A, S., Zandi, M. (2010). How the Great Recession Was Brought to an End. Retrieved from http//www.princeton.edu/blinder/End-of-Great-Recession.pdfCouncil of Economic Advisers. (2011). The Economic Impact of The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Retrieved from http//www.whitehouse.gov/sites/def ault/files/cea_7th_arra_report.pdfGroth, J., Randazzo, A. (2011). The Failure of Quantitative Easing. Retrieved from http//reason.com/archives/2011/07/15/the-failure-of-quantitative-eaRecovery.gov. (2009). The Recovery Act. Retrieved from http//www.recovery.gov/About/Pages/The_Act.aspxReddy, S. (2010). How It Works When It Doesnt Retrieved from http//online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704506404575592722702012904.htmlThomas, B., Hennessey,K., Holtz-Eakin, D. (2011). What Caused the Financial Crisis? Retrieved from http//online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704698004576104500524998280.htmlWeisberg, J. (2010). What Caused the Economic Crisis. Retrieved from http//www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/the_big_idea/2010/01/what_caused_the_economic_crisis.htmlWilson, D, J. (2012). Government Spending An Economic Boost? Retrieved from http//www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/letter/2012/el2012-04.html

The Treaty of Waitangi and Healthcare

The Treaty of Waitangi and HealthcareRealities and Maori Models of HealthNew Zealanders has major paganities than any other parts of the world, comprising everywhere 213 ethnic groups. Five major ethnic groups in New Zealand comprise New Zealand European, Maori, Chinese, Samoan and Indian (NZ Herald, 2013). And of all ethnic groups, Maori has been documented as having the poorest health status in New Zealand even out after the regulation of factors like income, residence and education. This health status is the result from their negative experiences from colonization processes that resulted in the loss of their cultural beliefs, practices and even their Maori language. As Ramsden, Irihapiti has stateMaori have until recently been passive consumers of a health service that they have had little input into. As yet Maori have little control over funding, policy and delivery of health service in the State sector.Many Maori would argue that this situation is in contravention of the pr omise of the second article to treasure the unqualified exercise of Maori chieftainshipover lands, villages, and all their treasures. 1Tino rangatiratanga guarantee has not been realised while Maori cannot come autonomy in health service and blend in accountable to Maori.2The Ministry of Health documents 3has revealed the seriousness of the matter and the need to address the inequalities and disparities of health as what Hon. Annette King has statedThe Government has acknowledged the importance of prioritizing Maori health gain and development by identifying a need to reduce and eventually eliminate health inequalities that negatively affect Maori.4As health care providers, it is our ut roughly indebtedness to respond to Maoris health issues in respect to the diversity of worldviews that may exist in between us. To fully understand Maori health promotion, it is best to psychoanalyse these see models that have been developed and currently used.Maori view health in a holistic wa y. Each of these models is interlinked and highlights the links in between the bodily, spiritual, various(prenominal) and most importantly, the family.Te Whare Tapa WhaTe Whare Tapa Wha is besides known as four cornerstones or sides of Maori health. These four cornerstones includes theTaha tinana or Physical Health from the news show itself, it refers to the body and its physical manifestation.Taha Wairua or Spiritual Health Maori believed that the spiritual essence of the individual is their life force and therefore is essential in the identification of an individual as a whole.Taha whanau or Family Health it details the importance of family on the well-being of the individual.Taha hinengaro or Mental Health refers to the relevance of the mind and the ability to communicate, regard and feel.This model expresses the relevance of balance that if one of these elements fails can lead to illness. It was developed by Mason Durie in 1982 because the spiritual element of health wa s discarded which has start out an important in the prevailing health models.Te Pae Mahutonga or Southern Cross Star ConstellationThis model brings together the elements of modern Maori health promotion. These key elements highlight the linkages in between Mauriora (cultural identity), Waiora (physical environment), Toiora (healthy lifestyles) and Te Oranga (Participation in society). The two pointers symbolize Ng Manukura(community leadership) andTe Mana Whakahaere(autonomy) which depicts the resources needed to achieve those outcomes. It has been currently used around New Zealand to bring forth a positive change irrespective of ethnicities or culture.Te WhekeTe Wheke or the octopus depicts family health. The octopus head represent te whanau (the family), octopus eyeball as waiora (family and individuals total well-being) and the tentacles representing specific dimension of health which are interwoven representing closeness of these tentacles. Maori acknowledges importance of in terconnectedness in between the mind, spirit, whanau and physical and has always been even after the introduction of Western medicine.He Po Oranga Tangata WhenuaThis model has been developed to ensure the traditional tangata whenua (people of the land) values, knowledge and institutions are recognized as key indicators of toiora optimum health and well-being. It attempts to make a wider connection between wider health and social determinants like housing, employment, education, resources and language. This model is now being applied in the Bay of Plenty District Health Board.All of these models will help shed light on Maoris views of health and well-being in the accept of greater appreciation to them and be put into works by the professionals working in the health sector.MANAAKITANGALoosely translated as hospitality, manaakitanga plays an integral part in Maori society. It is derived from the word mana or the persons ability to care. It derives respect that is earned and cannot be forced to any individual. Being hospitable, looking after visitors and caring for them regardless of their status is of great importance to them. But manaakitanga has a much broader definition than just a word or direct translation. It can be disconnected down into 3 parts mana-a-ki which means power of the word which motions them to be expressive and articulate in welcoming visitors. There is another explanation with the row mana or prestige, ki te tangata or to the people which gives the importance of mana that contains the integrity, prestige and power of guests. Manaakitanga not only encompasses hospitality but also on coarse respect. It acknowledges others mana as having equal or greater than their own which can be seen in the form of love, generosity, as well as hospitality. They also believed that in any gathering, small than it may seem, it should be remembered with gratitude and affection. They welcome settlers with open arms as they often trade and give foods to them. Some of them brought individuals into their marae or meeting place where they make out members of whanau/family, hapu/sub-tribe and iwi/tribe.Manaakitanga, in short sense, is about cultivating relationships, looking after one another and being careful as to how others are daintinessed regardless of their status in the society. It is applicable not only to the Maori but also in any ethnic group. In any health care setting, it is important that we all treat each other with respect. It can boost ones esteem knowing you are valued. In this way will we be able to piss rapport and partnership not only to the patients but as well as their families, thereby, improve the health status of not only the Maori but also to the entire ethnic group.ReferencesManning, B. (2013, December 11). Census 2013 More ethnicities than the worlds countries National NZ Herald News. Retrieved from http//www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1objectid=11170288Media Resources. (n.d.). Manaakitanga uniq ue New Zealand hospitality New Zealand. Retrieved from http//www.newzealand.com/travel/en/media/features/maori-culture/maori-culture_manaakitanga-hospitality.cfm nurse Council of New Zealand. (2002, March). Guidelines for Cultural Safety, the Treaty of Waitangi, and Maori health in Nursing and Midwifery Education and Practice. Retrieved from http//www.sportsouthland.co.nz/files/docs/cultural gumshoe nurses.pdfWhanau Ora News. (2013, November 11). Mori Models of Health Wellbeing Te Arawa Whnau Ora Collective. Retrieved from http//tearawawhanauora.org.nz/2013/11/maori-models-of-health-wellbeing/1 Kawharu, I. (Ed). (1989). Waitangi Maori and Pakeha perspectives of the Treaty of Waitangi.Auckland, NZ Oxford University Press.2 Ramsden, I. (1996). The Treaty of Waitangi and cultural safety The role of the Treaty in nursing andmidwifery education in Aotearoa. In Nursing Council of New Zealand, Guidelines for cultural safety innursing and midwifery education. Wellington, NZ NCNZ.23 Socia l Inequalities in Health, New Zealand (1999), the New Zealand Health Strategy (December2000) and Priorities for Maori and Pacific Health Evidence from epidemiology (2001)4 King, A. (2001). New Zealand Health Strategy. Wellington, NZ, Ministry of Health. p.18

Comparison of The Crucible and The Lottery

Comparison of The Crucible and The LotteryIn Arthur Millers The Crucible, and Shirley Jacksons the Lottery the main(prenominal) characters, John monitor lizard, and Ms. Hutchison suffer inhumane treatment due to the societies conformity to the beliefs/traditions and the power of the laterality in the two t take ins.The conformity of the townspeople of Salem is because the government is govern by the bible. It stated in the beginning that Salem developed theocracy, a combine of state and religious power whose function was to keep community together, and to hold on any kind of disunity that might open it to destruction by material or ideological enemies. (7) The town of Salem gestates strictly on the bible, and does not suspense its power. If an individual in Salem were to question the words/beliefs of the bible it is seen that they are working with the devil. An example of this from The Crucible is the conversation between John Proctor, Elizabeth and Hale.Hale Proctor, permit y ou open with me now, for I brook rumour that troubles me. Its said you hold no belief that there may even be witches in the human race. Is that true sir?Proctor I know not what i obtain said, i may have said it. I have wondered if there be witches in the world although I cannot believe they come among us now.Hale Then you do not believe Proctor I have no knowledge of it the ledger speaks of witches, and I will not deny them.Hale And you, woman?Elizabeth I-I cannot believe it.Hale You cannotProctor Elizabeth, you bewilder himElizabeth I cannot think the Devil may own a womans soul, Mr. Hale, when she keeps an upright way, as I have. I am a good woman, I know it and if you believe I may do simply good work in the world, and yet be secretly bound to Satan, and then i must tell you sir, I do not believe it.Hale But, woman, you do believe there are witches in-Elizabeth If you think that i am one, then I say there are none.Hale You for sure do not fly against the Gospel, the Gospel -Proctor She believe in the Gospel, every wordProctor She do not mean to doubt the Gospel, sir, you cannot think it. This be a Christian house, sir, a Christian house. (69)This shows that everyone needs to believe in what the bible says, no matter what your own belief is. Anything against it will result in consequences. An example is when because of what Elizabeth had said, her and John Proctor were forced to that they had to come to church every Sunday, and that their last child was to be baptized right away. It was also and as importantly, a long overdue opportunity for everyone so inclined to express publicly his guilt and sins, under the cover of accusations against the victims. (7) John Proctor faces serious consequences when he does not agree to sign his name on the paper that confesses and shows everyone in town he saw witches.Danforth Come then, sign your testimony. Give it to him. Come, man, sign it.Proctor You have all witnessed it-it is enough.Danforth You will not sign i t? (141)Proctor You have all witnessed it what more is needed?Danforth Do you sport with me? You will sign your name or it is no confession, MisterParris Praise be to the Lord. (142)This ends up having John Proctorwho went against the bible, to suffer and be hanged.In the Lottery, the lottery has been tradition the town has followed for a long time. An indication that it has been misfortune for a long time, is because it stated that it has been happening even before the oldest man in town was born. Another indication it is tradition is when Mrs.Huticshson on page 254 comes outpouring into town saying she remembered it was the twenty- seventh. The lottery is something the town takes very seriously. An example to show this is when Mrs. Adams says that the village in the north is thinking of giving up lotteries, and that some have already quit it. Old man Warner repliesOld Man Warner snorted. Pack of crazy fools, he said. Listening to the young folks, nothings good enough for them. T heres always been a lottery Nothing but trouble in that. (256)Old man Warners reply shows how much the town believes in the lottery. Even if people are kickoff to stop doing it, the town has conformed to what everyone else in the town is doing. Mrs. Hutchinson, who was shown to be the most against it, is the one who ends up suffering the most.The main characters of both stories suffer inhumane consequences also because of the authority and power of certain individuals. In the Crucible the town of Salem believes in the reverends of the court. The town does not question the authority of the town. This is shown multiple times in the nurse during court scenes. If anyone went against the political authority it was seen as a sin. The governments power is clearly stated by Parris.Parris You people seem not to comprehend that a diplomatic minister is the Lords man in the parish a minister is not to be so lightly crossed and contradicted-. (30)The society conforms to the power of the auth ority. An example is when John Proctor tells idealistic Hale about how he feels about Parris.Proctor I like it not that Mr.Parris should lay his hand upon my baby. I see no light of perfection in that man. Ill not conceal it. (65)Hale I must say it, Mr. Proctor that is no for you to decide. The mans ordained therefore the light of God is in him. (66)This shows that even if the attitude and person of authority should be questioned, an individual in Salem should not say anything of it. In the end it shows as if because of him saying that of Parris, he suffers.In the Lottery the individual with the most power and authority is Mr. Summers. Everyone in town listens to Mr. Summers because he conducts the lottery, and because he is very good at it. Mr. Summers shows his power and proves how the town trusts him in his conversation with Mrs. Hutchinson. Daughters draw for their husbands families, Tessie, Mr. Summers said gently. You know that as well as anyone else. (257) He is very calm a bout his authority which allows the town to gain believe in his authority. Even her husband Mr. .Hutchinson does not deny his authority and instead tells her to Shut up. Her outcry against his authority then leads her to face the consequences.In termination the conformity of the societies in both texts is because of the traditions/beliefs of society and the authority in power in the towns. This ends up in serious consequences for the main two characters because they questioned the authority and beliefs.

Life and Religion in To Kill a Mockingbird :: essays research papers

In the book To Kill a Mockingbird compose by Harper Lee in 1960, life in the town of Maycomb is very traditional. Most plenty have the same racial prejudices and live by certain rules, also referred to as codes by genus genus Atticus Finch (p. 224). Aunt Alexandra is a good example as she is not from Maycomb but lives 20 miles away. When she comes to live with Atticus and his children, Jem and Scout, the town accepts her immediately for with her boarding- rail manners (p.142), her ladylike behaviour and her enthusiastic involvement into the Missionary circularise and the Maycomb Amanuensis Club, she represents the ideal of a Maycomb woman.Although all people in Maycomb are quite disparate from each other, most of them, especially the more accepted, show respect, discipline and politeness. This can be seen in the Missionary Circle where ladies sit together to talk, drink tea and eat cakes (p. 253-259) and although they might not always agree on everything, they never directly say so. For example when Mrs Merriweather starts to rap Atticus doing in Tom Robinsons case, at a Missionary Circle in front of Scout - not naming anyone - Ms Maudie interrupts her and cuts dour the subject without drawing anybody elses attention to the quarrel.There are not many people in Maycomb who are open-minded and willing to accept different people and/or things, which makes it difficult to change. So after loosing the trial, Ms Maudie admits that she did not think Atticus had any chance of winning but that he was the altogether man who could keep a jury out that long and that it was a step, if only a baby-step, towards equality (p. 238). Furthermore this intolerance leads to Jem and Scout being confronted with offences against Atticus decisions by town people and fellow students. For one thing Mrs Dubose, an evil neighbour of the Finchs, criticises Atticus in a way that Jem is not willing to trim back and ends in him cutting down all her beloved camellias (p. 112-114). This in turn leads to Jem having to read to Mrs Dubose for more than a month (p. 117-122). For another thing the children at school badmouth Atticus probably with what they overheard their parents saying and this time it is Scout who looses her head a couple of times.In a small town like Maycomb there is also a lot of gossiping and prejudices against lower class people.

Death Penalty Essay -- essays research papers fc

One of the most controversial topics in the States today is the final stage penalty. Four thousands of years the death penalty has been used all over the world. In the earlier centuries the townsmen would hang people if they were accused as be a witch, but they were not witches at all. They merely knew a little more information than the next person. They were wrongly accused, and that is why I see the death penalty as immoral, unethical and just wrong People were put to death for no reason they were accused because there wasnt enough evidence to cut their innocence. Here in America you are innocent until proven guilty. That is not the way it is, you are guilty until proven innocent is the right way to come across at the society today. In this essay I will show statistics, pros, cons, moral issues, etc about the death penalty.      The word "capitol" in"capital punishment" refers to a persons head. In the past, people were often kill by s per petuallying their head from their body. The United States is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the very few industrialized countries in the world that executes criminals. It is one of the few countries in the world that executes mentally ill persons, persons with very low IQ, and child murders (i.e. persons who were under 18 at the time of their crime).On August 22, 2000, "Virginia and Texas each executed two men who committed their crimes when they were under 18"(Sara Rimer and Raymond Bonner).Which in my personal opinion is just wrong. As of October 19, 2000, during the last decade of the 20th century, 547 prisoners were executed in the United States --one third of them in Texas. Another 3,500 wait on death rows.      When asked whether people prefer to keep or abolish the death penalty, about 60 to 80% of American adults say that they want to keep capital punishment. Numbers vary depending upon the exact wording of the question asked by the pollsters. When asked whether they would like to see executions come on or have them replaced with a system that guaranteed life imprisonments with no hope for parole, ever that the inmate would work in the prison to earn notes that the money would be directed to helping the family of the person(s) that they killed.     Capital punishment has been a cause for debate for many years, and people continue to ... ... the race of the defendant or of the dupe in deciding whether to impose the death penalty".(Bonner). From the facts that I stated above i think death penalty is very much racist.      In conclusion, the death penalty may seem to be the best course of action but in reality I believe that it is not. As I have said, it is the best deterrent America employs against murder, it saves our country money, and most importantly, it guarantees that a murderer will not have the chance to kill again. But America goes against its own law and joins the soc iety in this wrong doing. An innocent life may be at stake and no one will ever know.Bibliography 1. Bonner, Raymond, "Push Is on for Larger Jury in Military Capital Cases <NYT-Military.html>," New York Times, September 3, 2001 2. Bonner, Raymond and Rimer, Sara, "Mentally Retarded Man Facing Texas Execution Draws gigantic Attention <NYT-Penry.html>," New York Times, November 12, 2000 3. Cohen, Richard "Hangman, Be Gone <WPost-Hangman.html>" The Washington Post , September 26, 2000 (op-ed) 4. Expert documentation executions /http//www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/